Parity (biology)

Under the parity (from the Latin parere " bear " ) is understood in medicine, veterinary medicine and biology, the number of births a woman or a female mammal. A woman or a female mammal without birth is referred to as nulliparous, with a birth as primipara and two births than Bipara. For female mammals with more than two successful live births, the term Pluripara (or Polypara ) is used for women and multiparous what zoological and veterinary medicine but has a different meaning.

The names nulliparous ( primipara ), primipara, etc. are often abbreviated in the literature as para 0, para 1, etc.. In the English literature are also the style similar to these names adjectives nulliparous, primiparous found etc..

Importance is the concept of parity not only in gynecology but also in oncology and geriatrics, because the number of successfully lived through births a woman the current state of research suggests that with their risk is linked to certain kinds of cancer and certain other typical age suffering cancer. The term also plays in sociobiology and evolutionary psychology a role - two disciplines that deal with, among other possible common causes of certain aspects of the social behavior of people on the one hand, high reproductive success on the other.

While the names nulliparous, etc. primipara were always more or less been an integral part of the medical terminology of the German-speaking countries, the word " parity " was itself only in the late 1990s by the American Eindeutschung parity. Some tradition- oriented physicians therefore regard the term as coined word and reject its use as a sign of a lack of language sense from.

• Mammalogy
• Reproduction
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Reproductive medicine in animals