Paruresis

Under a Paruresis ( colloquially shy bladder syndrome ) refers to a bladder dysfunction of varying severity - of more or less long wait to be able to urinate at all until the start of urination, incomplete emptying of the bladder up to the impossibility - of the person concerned mainly on public toilets or outside the private residential area suffering and usually develops during puberty. It is a psychological disorder, namely a form of social phobia, which in turn represent a sub-form of anxiety disorders. The term itself was introduced by GW Williams and ET ​​Degenhardt 1954.

Despite the widespread and sometimes great suffering pressure, the term is usually not even known to the person concerned. Also in the relevant scientific literature to date, few publications exist on the subject. Thus, even doctors and psychotherapists usually have little information. The therapy is based on the principles for the treatment of social phobia. However, men take compared to women with mental health problems generally less help.

Causes

Physical component

Paruresis is based on a psychologically -induced contraction of the sphincter, making it difficult urination difficult or impossible. This tension can be attributed to psychological factors such as anxiety and stress. Relaxation exercises such as autogenic training or deep relaxation can help an interested party, to regain control of the bladder muscles. Heavier than the physical component but weighs the psychological cause.

Psychological Component

By a reference experience the person undergoes a paretic reaction for the first time (often in adolescence ), which leaves a lasting impression so that he can see no more toilet at ease from the moment of the experience. The cause of the reference experience can be manifold: from the inferiority complex to stress at school or dispute with the family. On the basis of the reference experience the subconscious associates the circumstances of the first paretic reaction with the tension of the urethral sphincter, which leads to the rule that the voiding dysfunction is attributed to the presence of other people, although the cause may lie elsewhere. This mechanism is called conditioning (see Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ).

The immediate impression of a Paruresispatienten based on the perceived certainty that other people watch him on the toilet and evaluate themselves - making fun of him - in case of failure. In male patients, it is observed that to be able, at the urinal to allow the ability to water their masculinity often moor.

Affected speak rarely about their disease because the pubic limit is too high. To be fears being mocked or not taken seriously, provide for the increasing social isolation of a patient.

Patients want their Paruresis front of other people (friends, family, acquaintances, etc.) hide what causes Paruresis a shadowy existence.