Pastoral care

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The term pastoral care (Latin cura animarum ) is a historically developed in the German name composed of the words soul and concern.

Christianity

A direct equivalent for the word " pastoral " does not exist in the Bible. There encounter expressions like paraclesis what is in the broadest sense with accompaniment, in the strict sense can play with encouragement, exhortation, and comfort. Other New Testament pastoral vocabulary are nouthetein eg ( = put his heart, exhort ) and katartizein ( = put in order, make up, restore ) that guide pastoral action in their context and justify.

Even the biblical observation that God and Jesus Christ sees, recognizes, visited and comforted, may be taken as a model of a biblically based pastoral care theory.

A uniform definition of pastoral care does not exist. But well there is a broad consensus to the effect that it is in pastoral care for a meeting in a church context. You could also describe it as a pastoral motivated effort to man in his wholeness and its relationship to God.

The various approaches and methods of pastoral care are reflected in the Pastoral Care. This teaching of pastoral care is the branch of practical theology.

Pastoral action is not to be confused with psychotherapeutic action. However, coming in pastoral psychotherapeutic methods used. In particular, by Carl Rogers and the Dutch pastoral movement influenced in Germany Pastoral Psychology laying on a close interaction between pastoral care and psychology ( here mostly psychotherapy) value.

According to Protestant, Catholic and Orthodox understanding of pastoral action is not bound to an ecclesiastical office. Every Christian is called to the accompanying pastoral care within the meaning of Beistehens, Mitt Ragens and to empathy and empowered. This is not about a structured, methodical designed problem solving process. Pastoral care is understood in this sense, not only as a relationship happening between two or more people, but lives on the assumption that God has a relationship with every human being, regardless of whether this was ever accompanied pastoral or not. In acknowledgment of this incident, there is the pastoral care and want to offer people the opportunity to experience life in contact with a human being sincere sympathy in negative and positive ( ).

In the specific sense, there are also officially appointed chaplain whose pastoral action can go beyond the purely support aspect and in an advisory Pastoral Care ( Counseling ) opens. In this case, it is about a designed according to the methodological point of problem solving process, are the supports and optimizes the natural efforts of seeking advice. However, the work with pathological dynamics is not in the competence of an advisory pastor and are therefore deliberately excluded.

Historical Development

In the early Church it was in the pastoral care primarily about the struggle of Christians against sin that endangers his eschatological salvation, and the task of the pastor is to help the individual Christian was doing. A first pastoral movement arose among the desert fathers, who often sought out Christians and asked for advice. Similarly, the first monastery-like communities were such pastoral centers. In the letters of Basil of Ancyra, Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom, there are numerous examples of pastoral advice.

At the transition to the Middle Ages, Gregory the Great wrote the letter sent to the Pope Liber regulae pastoris, one of the most influential books on pastoral care that has ever been written.

In the Middle Ages the pastoral care was closely linked to the practice of the Sacrament of Penance, the confession, reparation and absolution by the priest involved. Against the often externalized routine was especially addressed from the monasticism, for example, by Bernard of Clairvaux.

When the Reformers was no longer the emphasis on sin but the emphasis of God's forgiveness and consolation, particularly in Martin Luther and Heinrich Bullinger, in many cases, the church discipline but soon replaced pastoral care.

Pietism rejected any formal pastoral care; the first time the pastoral call was an issue. The aim of the pietistic pastoral care was to develop the fruits of faith in personal life in diaconal and mission, while at the same time the sense of pastoral care was seen in the instruction in the Enlightenment, which enabled the faithful to moral living.

In the 19th century, Friedrich Schleiermacher founded the Practical Theology. He stressed the pastoral care should strengthen the freedom and responsibility of each community member.

Developed in the USA A.T. Boisen, one of the most important representatives of the American pastoral care movement in the 1920s included the concept of "Clinical Pastoral Training", the pastoral care, psychology and pedagogy.

Eduard Thurneysen emphasized the kerygmatic pastoral care as " alignment of the message and thus the revival of spiritual life ... "

The mid-1960s came the pastoral care movement over the Netherlands to Germany and also led there to the development of Pastoral Psychology. In theology, the state churches the pastoral psychologically oriented pastoral care is still the standard.

In the 1980s, the Catholic priest and university professor Eugen Drewermann developed at the University of Paderborn his deep psychological interpretation of the Bible, especially in the three -volume work, psychoanalysis and moral theology. At the same time, developed Michael Dieterich the Biblical Therapeutic pastoral care, which found rapid spread, especially in the pietistic and free-church environment.

Types of Pastoral Care

Church Pastoral happening today in various fields of action ( community, hospital chaplaincy, emergency counseling, psychiatry, telephone counseling, Airport Chaplaincy, Station pastoral care, school, police pastoral care, counseling services, working with older people, retirement and nursing home chaplaincy, disability work, hospice and dying companion, grief work, letter pastoral care, Internetseelsorge, SMS pastoral care and in shopping centers such as in the Sihlcity Church, etc.). Also Kasualien have by this leading end personal conversation a pastoral character: When Taufgespräch to accompany young couples and families in a new phase of life, in the preliminary to weddings it is about clarifying organizational issues to pastoral moments, very strong in the run-up to Aussegnungsgottesdiensten.

Common to all areas of activity of the claim, to accompany people in life and faith issues. This is done in person, depending on the situation but also by prayer, by comforting and encouraging words from the Bible, by blessing gestures (such as laying on of hands ), but also by social support.

The Internet now offers the chance to take pastoral assistance. Many churches and other institutions offer e- mail contacts. Here seekers of help can discuss with a fixed interlocutor their concerns.

Pastoral care is to be aligned again and again to the actual people. So happens in counseling practice since the beginning of Christianity, a continuous change. In earlier times, people were very much tied to their place of residence. The territorial orientation of the church has complied with this condition. In a modern society, however, there is great mobility, allowing people to select offers and no longer feel naturally connected to their local community. The lives of the people extends far beyond their place of residence addition. With these challenges deals since the late 90s, a new approach, the habitat -oriented counseling. It is to be developed on the theological basis and with the help of sociology a pastoral approach that can meet the conditions of pastoral care in the 3rd millennium justice.

Oriented pastoral pastoral experience connects with approaches from the experiential and exercise therapy. The Experience (in nature ) is space approach and metaphor support for the pastoral conversation. Just the common walking became the basic situation for talks. Here, not only the topics of conversation play a role, but also patterns of movement, breathing rhythm or speed and deceleration. The result are experience-oriented approaches to pastoral care from the hospital pastoral care and with the pilgrim movement in recent years.

Pastoral Care in the Roman Catholic Church

Pastors, chaplains, vicars and deacons are active usually in communities or in Pastoralverbund as pastors. Full-time chaplains can be as pastoral or parish officials also men and women who also take on religious men and women pastoral tasks in their sphere of activity. From the communal pastoral ( pastoral territorial ) the Kategorialseelsorge is to distinguish which is done eg in hospitals, nursing homes, schools and prisons. Support the pastoral care is according to Catholic understanding, the whole congregation of the faithful.

Evangelicals pastoral teachings

In the evangelical pastoral practice is trying to get the content to be guided by Biblical rules of life. The historical-critical point of view, which prevails in the German university training pastors, is used as a basis pastoral action in the rule does not apply. It came first to a strict rejection of psychology in the evangelical pastoral currents, it was increasingly resorted to psychotherapeutic methods since the 1980s. At issue is still the ratio of pastoral care and psychotherapy. In the Biblical- Pastoral Care Therapeutic (BTS ) complete example, or to penetrate biblical and psychological or psychotherapeutic approaches. Is grounded theologically a psychotherapeutic approach, partly due to the assumption that psychological or psychotherapeutic methods of the divine order of creation and order of life described in the Bible - for example, in analogy to the Old Testament wisdom literature - correspond to and can be derived from it.

Pastoral care in the context of Protestant churches

Many country- church pastors are trained in their own regional church pastoral institutes, one of which has been developed " modern " by Winkelmann in the Theological School Bethel near Bielefeld. The establishment of a pastoral institute in the Theological Seminary Bethel with very modern foundation comes a turning point in the theological orientation of the Theological Seminary Bethel same. Because, as the author can say from personal experience, this college had still in 1961 a pronounced pietistic basic orientation in accordance with the theology of the founder of Bodelschwinghstraße.

First, Dietrich Stollberg and then his successor Klaus Winkler, the first two years of Head of Pastoral Care Institute have given this a psychoanalytic embossing, conferring the right to give a wider space in the Protestant Church of psychoanalytic counseling.

A great find support this direction of pastoral psychotherapy for several years by professors of practical theology, giving lectures at many universities through introductions to psychotherapeutic counseling.

Ecumenical Association for Pastoral Care, Counselling and Supervision

Many pastors of the Protestant churches, as well as pastor of the Roman Catholic Church have been found in the German Society for Pastoral Psychology Association ( DGfP ) its organizational framework. The DGfP is divided into 6 sections:

Systemic Association

In addition, established the systemic integrative pastoral care (SIS ) in the areas of

Worry Coaching#Life coaching End time Protestant Reformers Grief counseling Depth psychology Psychodrama Integrated Authority File

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