Paul Graener

Paul Graener ( born January 11, 1872 in Berlin, † November 13, 1944 in Salzburg, actually Paul Hermann Franz Gräner ) was a German composer, conductor and Nazi cultural policy.

Life

Paul Graener was the son of a Gürtlermeisters. In 1881 he was a choirboy in the Royal Cathedral Choir, 1884 to 1890 he attended the Gymnasium in Berlin Askanische. In 1888, he received a free spot on Veit Conservatory; there he studied composition with Albert Becker. After first as conductor in Stendal, later in Bremerhaven, Konigsberg and Berlin, he was music director from 1898 to 1906 at the Theatre Royal Haymarket in London, where he also taught at the Royal Academy of Music. The international spelling of his name ( Graener ) he maintained later. Before moving to England, he married Maria Elisabeth Hauschild (1872-1954); from the marriage had three children: Heinz ( who died as 10 - year-old child ), Franz ( 1898-1918 ) and Klara ( Claire, 1903-193? ).

After a brief stop in Vienna, where he worked as a teacher of composition at the New Vienna Conservatory, was Paul Graener 1911-1913 Director of the Salzburg Mozarteum. From 1914 he lived as a freelance composer in Munich. From 1920 to 1927 he taught - in the footsteps of Max Reger - as professor of composition at the conservatory in Leipzig. 1930 Graener, as successor to the late Alexander von Fielitz, director of the Stern Conservatory in Berlin. In 1934 he took over the management of a master class in the Academy of Arts.

After the death of his daughter Klara early 1930s he adopted their children. He was also the father of the painter Paul Corazolla ( b. 1930 ) and the cellist and conductor Jan Corazolla ( 1931-1998 ). Their mother, singer Margaret Corazolla (1902-2001), was for a time with her sister (?), The pianist Berti Corazolla to the inhabitants of the artist colony Berlin.

Since the late 1920s, Paul Graener was a member of the National Socialist Combat League for German Culture. In some vocal compositions he imitated simplified texts of German Romanticism for Nazi propaganda, such as 1932 war song by Theodor Storm and the song of remembrance (1807 ) by Friedrich Schlegel ( with the line " The Saviour is not far ").

In February 1933 aroused Graener stir when he disturbed along with other members of the " League of Struggle ," a concert by Michael Jary. On April 1, 1933, he joined the NSDAP (member number 1597250 ). In 1933 he took over the leadership of the student body composition of the Reich Music Chamber. From 1934 he was the Vice-President ( after the resignation of Wilhelm Furtwängler); In 1941 he resigned this office, and was succeeded by Werner Egk.

Graener received numerous awards from the Nazi regime. 1944 his Berlin home was destroyed; all the manuscripts were lost. Graener traveled with his family about Wiesbaden, Munich, Vienna and Metz to Salzburg, where he died 72 years old in the state hospital.

Musical language and reception

Especially as a song composer is Graener in the tradition of Johannes Brahms, Hugo Wolf and Richard Strauss. Occasionally, however, he also makes use of an atonal musical language ( in the gallows songs by Morgenstern ) or based on the Impressionism ( in the opera Don Juan's last adventure and the orchestral work from the realm of the pan).

In the 1920s Graener was a much performed opera composer. Through his turn to Nazism, he became from 1933 one of the most performed living composer in Germany. Since his death, he is rarely played, often his work is considered to be imitative. Best known today are his morning star songs that are tangible in different historical recordings.

Honors

Compositions

Stage Works

  • Flappers traveling. Operetta in one act Libretto: Fritz Bolger. UA 1891 Bremerhaven
  • The Faithful Sentry (Op. 1, 1899). Singspiel in one act Libretto: Samuel Gordon (after Theodor Körner ). UA 1899 London ( Theatre Royal Haymarket )
  • The court jester (op. 38, 1912). Sing Comedy in 2 acts. Libretto: Otto Anthes. UA 1913 Vienna
  • Don Juan's last adventure (op. 42, 1914). Opera in 3 acts. Libretto: Otto Anthes. UA June 11, 1914 Leipzig ( opera house, with Robert Castle? )
  • Theophano ( Byzantine) (Op. 48, 1918). Opera in 3 acts. Libretto: Otto Anthes. UA June 5, 1918 Munich ( Court Theatre )
  • Shirin and Gertraude (op. 51, ​​1920). Comic opera in 4 acts. Libretto: Ernst Hardt. UA April 28, 1920 Dresden (State Opera )
  • Hannele's Ascension (1927 ). Opera in 2 acts. Libretto: George Gräner ( based on the eponymous play by Gerhart Hauptmann ). UA February 17, 1927 Dresden (State Opera, with Erna Berger [ Hannele ] )
  • Friedemann Bach (op. 90, 1931). Opera in 3 acts. Libretto: Rudolph Lothar ( Albert Emil curlew novel ). UA November 13, 1931 Schwerin
  • The Prince of Homburg (op. 100, 1934). Opera in 4 acts. Libretto: Paul Graener (after Kleist ). UA March 14, 1935 Berlin ( Staatsoper Unter den Linden )
  • Irene. A play on Capri (1940? ). Musical comedy in a prologue and three acts. Libretto: Alfred Güntzel. UA may 1940 Munich ( State Theater on Gaertnerplatz? )
  • Schwanhild ( 1941). Opera in 3 acts. Libretto: Otto Anthes. UA 1941 Cologne
  • Odysseus ' Homecoming (1941; fragment). Libretto: Otto Anthes

Vocal compositions

For voice and piano:

  • Two Songs (Op. 3, published 1921). Texts: Paul Graener; P. Sturm- Wegmann
  • Four Songs (Op. 4, 1906). Texts: KA Venth, J. Meyer, H. Leuthold, L. Cassan
  • Two Songs (Op. 6, 1906). Texts: Robert Burns, Anonymus
  • Three Songs (Op. 11, 1906). Texts: Heinrich Heine, Elsa S.
  • Four Songs (Op. 12, 1909). Texts: Karl Stieler, Paul Remer, Gustav Falke
  • Three Songs (Op. 21, 1909). Texts: Anna Ritter, Anonymous, Ludwig Fulda
  • Five Songs (Op. 29, 1911). Texts: Anna Knight, Otto Julius Bierbaum, Eduard Rudolf Grisebach, K. Bulcke, Anonymus
  • Three Songs (op. 30, 1909). Texts: Otto Erich hard life, Anonymus, Anna Ritter
  • Four Songs (Op. 40, 1916). Texts: Hans Friedrich, Richard Dehmel, Anna Knight, Otto Julius Bierbaum
  • Palmström sings. Seven Galgenlieder (op. 43, 1917). Texts: Christian Morgenstern
  • [ Seven ] New Galgenlieder (op. 43b; 1922). Texts: Christian Morgenstern
  • Three Songs (Op. 45, 1915). Texts: J. Leusser, Richard Dehmel, Johannes Schlaf
  • Three Songs (op. 46, 1915). Text: EA Herrmann, Hermann Hesse, Richard Schaukal, KE Kurdt
  • Three Songs to poems Old German (op. 47, 1918). Texts: anonymity
  • Drum Song of Storm Country (1916). Text: Gustav Falke
  • Five Songs (Op. 49, 1918). Texts: Borries von Munchausen
  • Four Songs (Op. 50, 1919). Texts: Christian Morgenstern, Max Dauthendey
  • Four Songs (Op. 52, 1920). Text: Richard Dehmel, Anton Wild Goose, Max Dauthendey
  • Six Songs (Op. 57, 1921). Texts: Christian Morgenstern, Lulu Strauss and Torney, G. Eberlein, Borries von Munchausen, Victor Blüthgen
  • The song of the Curonian Spit ( 1924). Text: Fritz Kudnig (1888-1979)
  • Seven Songs (Op. 70, 1925). Texts: Otto Julius Bierbaum
  • Ten Songs ( Lons - songs) (Op. 71, 1925). Texts: Hermann Lons
  • Night and Spukgesänge. [ Ten ] Galgenlieder (op. 79, 1927). Texts: Christian Morgenstern
  • [ Five ] Raabe songs (op. 83, 1928). Texts: Wilhelm Raabe
  • Kommers song of Leipzig bibliophiles ( 1929). Text: Fedor von Zobeltitz
  • Four Songs (Op. 94, 1932). Texts: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
  • Five Songs (Op. 102; 1936). Texts: Will Vesper, Rainer Maria Rilke, Hermann Hesse, Hermann Claudius, Anonymus
  • Three Galgenlieder (op. 103, 1936). Texts: Christian Morgenstern
  • [ Five ] Songs of Remembrance (op. 111, 1942). Texts: Otto Erich hard life, Borries von Munchausen, Hermann Claudius, Friedrich Griese

For voice (s ) and other instruments / orchestra:

  • Wiebke Pogwisch ( Battle of the Hamme 1404) (Op. 24, 1915) for voices and orchestra. Text: Detlev von Liliencron. UA 1919 Berlin ( Philharmonic Choir, conductor Siegfried Ochs )
  • Longing. At the sea (op. 53, 1920). Rhapsody for alto, piano and string quartet. Text: Hans Bethge
  • Prelude, interlude and aria (op. 84, 1932) for voice, viola da gamba, flute, oboe, bassoon and strings. Texts: Max Dauthendey
  • The journeyman week (op. 86, 1930) for male choir. Search for text:
  • German cantata (op. 87, 1929) for male choir. Search for text:
  • Spring Suite. Three Songs (Op. 89, 1930) for male choir. Texts: from Des Knaben Wunderhorn
  • Four Songs (Op. 91, 1930) for male choir. Lyrics: A. Christen, F. Ewers, Wilhelm von Scholz, Victor Hardung
  • Three Songs (1930 ) for male choir. Texts: K. Kollbach Ludwig Pfau, Jacob Loewenberg
  • Three Nocturnes (1930 ) for male choir. Texts: Anonymus, Richard Dehmel, Gustav Falke
  • Theodor -Storm- music (Op. 93, 1932) for male voice ( baritone) and piano trio. Text: Theodor Storm, There are woods and heath ...
  • The savior is not far (op. 95, 1932). Hymn for male chorus, brass, timpani and piano. Text: Friedrich Schlegel, song of memory (1807 )
  • Marian Cantata (op. 99; 1933) for soloists, chorus and orchestra. Texts: seals from different centuries. UA 1933
  • Three men's choirs (1935 ). Texts: Alfred Bode
  • Three male choruses (op. 105, 1937). Texts: Hermann Lons
  • A voice and a cello music (Op. 113; 1943). Texts: Gerhart Hauptmann, from: The colorful book (1888 )

Orchestral works, concertos

  • From the realm of Pan (op. 22; 1920). Suite for large orchestra
  • Sinfonietta (Op. 27, 1910) for strings and harp
  • Blacksmith pain. Symphony in D minor (Op. 39, 1912)
  • Romantic fantasy (op. 41; 1923)
  • Music in the evening (op. 44, 1915)
  • Variations on a Russian Folk Song (Op. 55, 1922)
  • Forest music (Op. 60, 1923)
  • Divertimento in D major (Op. 67, 1924)
  • Concerto in A minor (Op. 72, 1925) for piano and orchestra
  • Iuventus Academica. Overture (Op. 73, 1926, the University of Leipzig dedicated ). UA 1926 Leipzig ( Gewandhaus Orchestra, Conductor: Fritz Busch)
  • Gothic Suite (Op. 74, 1927; Emil Mattiesen dedicated )
  • Concerto in A minor (Op. 78, 1927) for cello and chamber orchestra
  • Comedietta (op. 82, 1928)
  • The flute of Sanssouci (op. 88, 1930). Suite for Flute and Chamber Orchestra
  • Sinfonia breve (op. 96, 1932)
  • Three Swedish Dances (Op. 98, 1932)
  • Sérénade pittoresque (1937 ) for strings
  • Concerto in D major (Op. 104; 1938) for violin and orchestra ( dedicated to Karl Grimm )
  • Solemn Hour (Op. 106; 1938)
  • Watchman's Song (Op. 107; 1938). Variations on the Song of Lynkeus from Faust II of Goethe
  • Prinz Eugen, the noble knight. Variations (Op. 108; 1939)
  • Vienna Symphony (Op. 110; 1942). UA 1942 ( Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Conductor: Hans Knappertsbusch )
  • Salzburg serenades (op. 115, 1943)
  • Flute Concerto (Op. 116)

Chamber Music

For piano:

  • Minuetto - Gavotte & Pastorale (op. 9, 1905, also version for orchestra )
  • Au printemps - Chant du soir - En route & Alla marcia (op. 10, 1905, also version for strings )
  • Impressions (1912 )
  • Wilhelm Raabe music (Op. 58, 1922; 3 pieces )
  • Lonely Field Watch. Romance (Op. 59, 1922)
  • Three interludes (op. 77, 1927)
  • Three Piano Pieces (1932 )

For solo instrument and piano:

  • Petite Suite Italienne (1903 ) for violin and piano
  • Sonata (Op. 56, 1921) for violin and piano
  • Suite in A major (Op. 63, 1924) for flute and piano
  • Suite in D major (Op. 64, 1924) for violin and piano
  • Suite in C minor (Op. 66, 1924) for cello and piano
  • Sonata (Op. 101; 1935) for cello and piano

For violin, cello and piano:

  • Suite (Op. 19, 1905)
  • (Dedicated to Wilhelm Raabe, after reading the novel The Hunger Pastor op 20;; 1906) Chamber Music gasket
  • Piano Trio (Op. 61, 1923; "Trio atonal ").

For string quartet:

  • Quartet of a Swedish folk song (op. 33, 1910)
  • Quartet (op. 54, 1920)
  • Quartet in A minor (Op. 65, 1924)
  • Quartet (op. 80, 1928)

Student of Paul Graener

  • Stasys Šimkus (1887-1943)
  • Józef Koffler (1896-1944)
  • Albert Moeschinger (1897-1985)
  • Norbert Hanne Home (1898-1945)
  • Hans Wolfgang axis (1899-1982)
  • Jón Leif's (1899-1968)
  • Ionel Perlea (1900-1970)
  • Gerhard Maasz (1906-1984)
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