Pauline Roland
Désirée Marie Pauline Roland ( born June 7, 1805 Falaise, Normandy, † December 16, 1852, France) was a French journalist, feminist and socialist.
Life and work
Due to her mother, widowed postmistress of desire, received Pauline Roland and her two years younger sister Irma a good education, which was not common for girls of that time. By his early twenties, both were also receiving private lessons from a teacher M. Desprez, of the Sisters of the ideas of French socialism by Henri de Saint -Simon mediated, in which the liberation of women occupied a large place. Pauline Roland was then a supporter of this philosophy and an active member of the Saint -Simonians.
1832 she moved alone to Paris and earned their livelihood by literary and investigative activities. She wrote to the Encyclopédie Nouvelle, wrote essays and history also began early feminist magazines to write about. From 1841 she wrote for, headed by George Sand and Pierre Leroux socialist Revue Indépendante.
1833 she got the son of Jean-François Adolphe Guérolt. Even before the birth, she entered into a relationship with Jean Aicard, with whom she lived in "free link " to 1845. With him she had two more children ( Marie and Moïse, * 1844). Pauline Roland insisted that all her children should wear their last name and she would bear the sole, and financial responsibility for them. When her friend Flora Tristan died in 1844, she also took care of their daughter Aline (later with Paul Gauguin mother). For the purposes of Saint-Simonism Roland never married.
Financially weakened Roland was 1847 inclusion in the community by Leroux in Boussac, where she took over the management of the school and a newspaper ( l' Eclaireur de l' Indre ). 1848 Boussac was closed and Roland returned to Paris. Your feminist and socialist activities intensified. She has published in the feminist journal Voix des Femmes. With Jeanne Deroin and Gustave Lefrançais she founded the first seamstresses, teachers and teachers union with the same focus on training women and men, and to the betterment of women in the working world. 1850 these organizations were banned by the government and Roland was serving alongside many other people because of "unlawful association " a six -month prison sentence.
On February 6, 1852 Roland was arrested for resisting the coup and jailed prison in Paris Saint- Lazare. In the following March, she was sentenced to deportation to Algeria. In June she left Le Havre and was taken to the monastery prison El Biar. In July, it was claimed as seditious prisoner transferred to a prison in Annaba. End of October 1852 was pardoned because of the poor conditions she was but in poor health. In addition, exhausted from the voyage back to France she died on December 16, 1852 of pleurisy.
Roland was a traveling companion and collaborator of the former socialists and feminists, such as Flora Tristan, Jeanne Deroin, Suzanne Voilquin, George Sand, Pierre Leroux and Charles Fourier.