Pavane

The Pavane (also Paduan ) is a mostly geradtaktiger, very simple border dance Spanish- Italian origin, who had spread across Europe and reached its peak in the 16th and 17th centuries. At the beginning of the 17th century, it came entirely as ballroom dancing out of fashion. As part Paduana you find them to in the second half of the 17th century. A second flowering she experienced until the 18th century in the instrumental art form of Tombeau.

Who wanted to demonstrate his social prestige, danced with special predilection this graceful dance. In his Orchésographie the French dance theorist Thoinot Arbeau wrote: " The kings, princes and great lords used the Pavane to inflate and to show themselves ostentatiously. " Even the Queen of England Elizabeth I had danced with obvious fondness the Pavane. In their names we find the name of the Italian city of Padua, where, according to some sources, is to seek the origin of the dance. Other sources see the origin in the Spanish word Pava, which translates peacock means. The Pavane is often combined with a galliard.

The material of step Pavane is described by the French step terms " simple " and " double " and was after Arbeau very simple: simple - left, simple - right ( 1/2-Takt ) double left ( 3/4-time ). Subsequently, the combination step is repeated to the right, then again a combination of steps to the left and always so forth. Each step combination leads to a transfer of weight, so that alternately the right and the left foot free. The simple consists of a simple, flat step forward. The free foot is used loosely in the loaded, it is easy to lift the heels of both feet. Then the unloaded foot swings to the next step. The step takes place on the first beat, the lowering and lifting of the heel on impact 2 The double consists of a series of three shallow steps followed by raising and lowering the heels. In each case, one step at a stroke, the raise and lower the heels again falls on the fourth beat. The combination of simple step -simple -double thus fills a musical unit. The arms hang down loosely, the Lord holds the lady 's right hand and leads them. Several couples dancing procession -like continuous succession. But even a single pair can dance to the sound of a Pavane. Want - or must - the Lord change the direction of dancing, he undergoes a so-called convience / conversion, that he dances his step combination circular backward as he leads the lady circular forward until they have completed a 180 ° turn after a step combinations. At the beginning and at the end make both dance partners to each other a Reverence: The Lord brings his right leg stretched forward and bows to the lady, but never loosing his head sink. The lady bends both knees at the same time as a curtsy. The Lord can then still kissing his own hand before he reaches the lady ( the kiss on the hand, as we know it today, came only in the 19th century on ). If both danced a Pavane together, the Lord brings the lady back to her place or even dances a galliard with her.

Pavanen composed Joan Ambrosio Dalza (as first mentioned Venice 1508), Pierre Attaignant (ca. 1494-1552 ), Claude Gervaise ( c.1510 - after 1558 ), Anthony Holborne (ca. 1545-1602 ) William Byrd (1543 - 1623), Thomas Morley (ca. 1557-1602 ), Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck ( 1562-1621 ), John Dowland (approx. 1563-1626 ), Orlando Gibbons ( 1583-1625 ), Johann Hermann Schein ( 1586-1630 ), Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654), Jacob van Eyck (ca. 1590-1657 ).

See also: Historical dance

Nachempfindende compositions

In the work of many later composers allusions to the characteristic rhythm of Pavane ( a dactyl with emphasis episode long-short- short). Examples are the second set of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7, Op 92 or the second sentence of Franz Schubert's String Quartet in D minor, D. 810 The so-called Walker rhythm encountered in numerous compositions Schubert (about the art song Der Wanderer D 493 and the Wanderer Fantasy for Piano D 760), is pavanenartig. Later examples from the arts and entertainment music can be found in the following list:

  • Maurice Ravel, Pavane pour une infante défunte (1899 )
  • Gabriel Fauré, Pavane (1887 )
  • Peter Warlock, Capriol Suite ( 1926)
  • Steve Martland, Mr Anderson's Pavane
  • Kurt Jooss, Pavane for a dead Infanta
  • Jon Lord, Pavane ( on the album Sarabande, 1976)
  • Guitarist Jan Akkerman, Pavane
  • Alan Parsons Project, The Fall of the House of Usher IV: Pavane ( on the album Tales of Mystery and Imagination Edgar Allan Poe )

Varia

Pavane is also the title of a classic science fiction novel by Keith Roberts from 1968, which has an alternative development of the story at the time of Elizabeth I to the plot:

  • Keith Roberts: Pavane or the momentous assassination of Elizabeth I Heyne, München 1977, ISBN 3-453-06224-8.
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