Pendolino
Pendolino (from Italian PENDOLO = pendulum) is the brand name for multiple units distributed on several cars electric drive and active systems according to the system of the former railway department of Fiat in Savigliano, which today is part of the Alstom Group. The tilting technology allows the trains, in turns to drive faster than conventional trains. The technology developed by Fiat tilting " TILTRONIX " is electro - hydraulically.
The first Pendolino generation is the ETR 401, the second generation represents solely the ETR 450, the third generation, the ETR 460 is and the derivative variants ETR 470 for Switzerland, the three- system version ETR 480 and ETR 485 as well as the versions for the Czech and Finnish railway company. The counting of the generations is taken over by the manufacturer of the trains, the ETR 600/610 referred to as the fourth generation.
ETR is the abbreviation of " ElettroTreno Rapido " or "Electric Express ".
Popularly also be tilting trains that do not come from Fiat, as " Pendolino " means (see section below).
The history of Pendolinozüge began in 1969 with the development of the ETR 401, which served as a pure test train with two power cars and two intermediate cars testing the active tilting technology and, in 1978 equipped with passenger seats, until 1983 remained in operation between Rome and Ancona.
Second generation
After these successful tests in 1984 the ETR 450 was ordered in a series, the first copies were delivered in 1985 by the recordings and the operation on the Italian new route from Rome to Rimini in 1988 and were still rebuilt until 1992. The ETR 450 is approved for a maximum speed of 250 km / h and can technically level reach up to 280 km / hr.
Third generation
His successor ETR 460 was sold to an international success story, which the ETR 470 and ETR followed as the latest versions 480 and ETR 485. The ETR 470 is used for the trans-Alpine traffic to Milan, operated until 2009 by the Italian- Swiss joint venture Cisalpino. At times these trains were also used on the route Zurich -Stuttgart. The power supply can take over next to the Italian electricity system and the one used in Switzerland ( 15 kV 16.7 Hz). The ETR 480 is ready to be upgraded to 25 kV at 50 Hz and ETCS -2, the current system used on the newer high-speed lines in Italy. The ETR 485 is equipped from the outset for this current system.
Three of the ten ETR 460 are set up not only for the Italian rail power supply with 3,000 volts direct current, but also to 1,500 volts DC for international traffic to the south of France.
The ETR 460 was also sold to the Czech Republic as of ČD series 680, after Slovenia SZ series 310 and to Finland as Sm3. The Finnish version has a wider track. For the Spanish RENFE ten copies of this trainset were built with the wider Iberian gauge in the Spanish works by Alstom and FIAT ferroviario as series 490. They are used as train category Alaris. For the same track ten trains were built for the Portuguese railway company as Alfa pendular ( 4000 series) by Alstom in Portugal Amadora, which are put into service from 1999.
Fourth generation
The fourth generation of Pendolino is the ETR 600 and its variant with three -phase systems, the CIS ETR 610
On 30 May 2011, Alstom has announced the purchase of 20 New Pendolino trains by the Polish PKP Intercity. These trains will be built without tilting. The contract has a value of 665 million euros and in addition to the delivery of the trains also includes construction of a new depot in Warsaw and the maintenance of the trains for 17 years. The first trains are due to the year 2014. The first vehicle was presented on 17 June 2013.
Survey
Special shapes
For intercity traffic on the West Coast Main Line in Britain " Pendolino Britannico " was developed, whose carbody is significantly different from all others, because he had to be adapted to the smaller British loading gauge. These trainsets are operated as British class 390.
The ETR 600 is very similar, but with a wider carbody and without tilting technology is the CRH5 the Chinese rail.
Trains from other manufacturers with Fiat tilting
Popularly known as the tilting trains that do not come from Fiat and Alstom, as " Pendolino " refers to:
- Germany: Series 610 and ICE T
- Switzerland: SBB RABDe 500/ICN
Another widely used system with tilting technology, which does not come from Fiat and Alstom, is the Spanish Talgo pendular.