Permanent Council

The Permanent Council (Polish: Rada Nieustająca ) was the highest administrative authority in Poland - Lithuania from 1775 to 1789 and the first modern form of government in Europe. In the Polish language was in Zdrada Nieustająca - "Standing betrayal " renamed.

History

The Permanent Council was established on the occasion of Catherine the Great, so their influence was ensured in Poland. In contrast to the Sejm, no veto was inserted or this will be resolved. It was also much less susceptible to the influence of the small Polish nobility. Ultimately believed both Catherine and her ambassador to Poland, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg that the Council of anti- royal magnate would dominate and that therefore the desire for reform on the part of Poland would put an end to.

The Council consisted of the king Stanisław August Poniatowski - who acted as a sort of modern prime minister and two votes instead of one had - 18 members of the Senate and 18 members of Parliament. The meetings were monitored by Ignacy Potocki Marshal. In reality, the entire staff of the Permanent Council, in accordance with the Russian Ambassador Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, selected as representative of the Empress Catherine the Great, the protectress of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1768. Soon after its establishment, the Council has been an instrument of Russian supervision of Poland. The Council was divided into five separate departments were also called Departments:

  • Foreign interests
  • Police
  • Treasurer / Finance
  • Justice

Although the Council, mainly through the so-called Patriotic Party and the family has been heavily criticized, it was possible for the Council to initiate a period of economic prosperity in Poland and to strengthen the power of the monarch in Poland significantly.

It was replaced in 1789 by the Sejm four year old to be shortly thereafter introduced by the last Polish Sejm of Grodno again in 1793. There also the second partition of Poland was ratified and this time it was passed directly from the Russian ambassador. The majority of its members were bribed by the Russian Embassy in Warsaw.

Known members

  • Stanisław August Poniatowski
  • Ignacy Potocki
  • Stanisław Małachowski
  • Tomasz Adam Ostrowski
  • Ludwik Szymon Gutakowski
  • Stanisław Poniatowski
  • Józef Ankwicz
  • Michał Jerzy Poniatowski
  • Poland - Lithuania
  • Russian Empire
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