Peter of Auvergne

Petrus de Alvernia (Peter of Auvergne, also Peter de Croco; * around 1240 in Crocq in south-central France, † September 25, 1304 ) was a French philosopher of scholasticism and a theologian.

Life

Petrus de Alvernia taught at the University of Paris for more than twenty years as a Master of Arts Faculty, namely, from the early 1270 -ies until the 1290 's. He is one of the few masters of this time period that are known by name. To 1283 he began the study of theology, and in 1296 he received his doctorate for doctor of theology; 1296 to 1302 he taught as a master of theology in Paris. Otherwise, there is little biographical information about him, and it is partly uncertain. The time specification " in 1240 " for his birth was developed indirectly. In particular, it is not certain that all mentions of " Petrus de Alvernia ," that is a Peter, who hails from the Auvergne, one and the same person concern. The Paris Masters, at issue here, was brought over the centuries with several other mentions of that name in connection with the following are excluded from it in the recent research literature: Peter from 1296 a second time Rector of the University of Paris, Peter as a troubadour, as a doctor of medicine, as a Franciscan and a Dominican. Despite some doubt following information is associated with the Parisian master: Peter was appointed on May 7, 1275 by the cardinal legate Simon de Brion Rector of the University of Paris. According Flüeler (2011 ), this is possible, but not certain. ( Andrews it goes completely. ) The new Rector should be a multi-year dispute between two parties of the Paris Faculty of Arts settle this dispute has been viewed since Pierre Mando Nets study of Siger of Brabant as the ideological confrontation between the conservative party Aubry of Reims and the radical party Sigers; In this view, Peter was chosen as the " moderate " because of its Aristotelian position. René A. Gauthier other hand, argues that there had been a dispute between nations; Peter had become chancellor because he was French. From 1286 Peter was probably a time canons of Paris. On January 21, 1302, Pope Boniface VIII Peter as Bishop of Clermont; he held until his death on September 25, 1304 this office. ( Andrews considers that the classification of the episcopate to the Master's unsafe and the claim is " de Croco " to the bishop of Clermont, that is not directly on the Paris Masters. )

Peter is referred to in the Historia ecclesiastica of Tolomeo of Lucca as the " most faithful disciples " ( fidelissimus discipulus ) of Thomas Aquinas. The main reason is the misunderstanding came on, he would be in terms of its scientific capabilities of a Thomist. Although he was - influenced by Thomas, but thought automatically - at least for a time. To designate Peter as Thomists, its meaning is not accessible ( especially if " Thomist " is meant in the sense of " an imitator of Thomas" ). It is uncertain whether he has heard as a student of Thomas lectures from him. Many of his works are not edited. His high reputation among his contemporaries had the consequence that some works have been falsely attributed to him.

Work

Philosophy

Peter was one of the most influential commentators on Aristotle in the Middle Ages. He wrote comments on almost all works of Aristotle, which were then taught at the Paris Faculty of Arts. They belong mainly to the genus Literalkommentar ( expositio or sententia ), which consist of an outline of original text ( divisio textus ) and the actual text explanation; part is Quaestionenkommentare that deal with the topic selected questions and remain less closely to the annotated text template.

Two of the Literalkommentare, the De Caelo et mundo and politics, complete the corresponding incomplete comment of Thomas Aquinas and were distributed together with Thomas ' part. The text of the Literalkommentars to politics has been corrupted in anxious by Ludovicus Valentia print edition of 1492, these distortions were taken in all editions up to the 20th century. From Peter's part of the comment just the beginning of Book III is critically edited before. In the (still unedited ) Quaestionenkommentar to politics Peter founded the political science metaphysically. In this work he discusses in detail the reasons for the servitus ( slavery or servitude ). The comment had influence on the Defensor Pacis of Marsilius of Padua. - Peter's Quaestionenkommentar to metaphysics contains items that were affected by the Parisian teaching condemnation of 1277.

Theology

After he had become master of theology in 1296, originated to 1301 the traditional six Quodlibeta as a result of those disputations which took place every year in the Advent season. - In his theology, he lives by his teachers Henry of Ghent and Godfrey of Fontaines, where he often takes over their criticism of Thomas Aquinas; for example, he revised under the influence of Gottfried's his attitude toward individuation.

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