PGM-19 Jupiter
The PGM -19 Jupiter was developed for the U.S. Army by Wernher von Braun medium-range missile ( IRBM ). It was based on the PGM -11 Redstone, but had over this one enlarged to 2410 km range.
History
1953 Wernher von Braun began planning for a successor to the Redstone with extended range. He then presented his plans with the competent authorities and to be applied to the development charge. The work on this missile began in 1956 as a joint project between the Army and the Navy. A year earlier, President Eisenhower designated the development of a modern medium-range missile as a major defense projects in the country. The Navy retired the end of 1956 from the program back, which was continued by the Army alone. As a result of the Sputnik shock ordered Eisenhower in 1957, next to the gate, large quantities of this missile. In 1958 began series production. 1960 were asked the missile into service three squadrons (15 missiles and about 500 people). Was built the rocket by the Chrysler Corporation.
It was originally planned that the rocket next to the United States Army should also be used by the U.S. Navy, which is why the rocket was built to accommodate extremely short on surface ships and submarines. To be able to accommodate enough fuel in the tanks, they got a significantly larger diameter than the Redstone, too large for the then existing transport aircraft.
The rocket was powered as the Redstone with the fuel combination oxygen and RP -1 ( a Kerosinart ). However, the U.S. Navy got out of the project and sat for their U- boats on the solid rocket Polaris.
The PGM -19 Jupiter is not to be confused with the Jupiter -C rocket, which is an elongated Redstone rocket and was used for re-entry tests and with solid upper stages as carrier rocket Juno I.
Use
With nuclear warheads tipped Jupiter missiles were stationed in Italy ( Gioia del Colle ) and in Turkey ( Izmir), but deducted in the aftermath of the Cuban missile crisis from there. From the military Jupiter rocket, the rocket Juno II, the opposite of Juno I had a slightly increased payload capacity was built with two solid upper stages (or three in an extended version).