Phaseoleae

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Phaseoleae is a tribe in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). This tribe includes about 90 most genera within the family of Fabaceae. Your about 1570 species possess a main distribution in tropical to warm temperate areas of the world where there are more species in drier areas. Many species are used by humans.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

They are mostly perennial, sometimes annual, herbaceous plants that grow independently erect, twining or prostrate, rarely there are trees. The stalked and unpaired pinnate leaves usually have three, rarely five or seven leaflets; sometimes reduced to a Leaflet. The petiole usually has a cushion. The leaflets have a smooth or lobulated margin and sometimes they are dotted with glandular. There are stipules of the leaves and leaflets available.

Generative features

There are usually mostly pendant grapey total inflorescences, often consist of frets part time or sometimes branched inflorescences Rispige total inflorescences, sometimes they are reduced to a single flower. The inflorescences often have a swollen node and mostly small bracts which are often transient. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic are fünfzählig with a double perianth. The five sepals are fused and usually end with four or five calyx teeth, they are rarely trimmed. The corolla has the typical structure of the Fabaceae. The boat can be built normal, long beaked or spirally twisted. Sometimes nine of the ten stamens are more or less strongly with each other grow together, but they often are all free. The anthers are usually all the same. It is a general constant carpel available that contains from one to many ovules. The stylus is on the whole length hairy bearded or hairy on one side only to the scar around.

The zweifächerigen legumes can be divided between the seeds into sections, but they are not fully shared. The seeds have two thick, nutrient-rich cotyledons ( cotyledons ).

Systematics and distribution

The tribe is divided into seven Phaseoleae subtribe and about 90 genera with about 1570 species:

  • Subtribe Cajaninae: With approximately ten genera: Adenodolichos Harms: With about 15 species; They occur in tropical Africa
  • Bolusafra Kuntze: With only one type: Bolusafra bituminosa (L.) Kuntze; it is found in South Africa
  • Carissoa angolensis Bak. f; it occurs only in Angola
  • Barbieria DC:. Using only one type: Barbieria pinnata ( Pers.) Baill. ; they occur in tropical America
  • Clitoriopsis mollis R.Wilczek; it occurs in Sudan and Congo region
  • Camptosema Hook. & Arn: With about 10 species,. they are found in South America
  • Canavalia Adans. With about fifty species in the tropics and subtropics.
  • Cleobulia Mart. ex Benth. With about 3-5 species found in Mexico and Brazil
  • Collaea DC: With about seven species,. they are found in South America
  • Cratylia Mart. ex Benth: With about seven species,. they are found in South America
  • Cymbosema Benth. Using only one type: Cymbosema roseum Benth.; they occur in tropical America
  • Lackeya multiflora ( Torr. & A. Gray ) Fortunato et al.; it occurs in the southeastern United States
  • Luzonia purpurea Elmer; it occurs only in the Philippines ( Luzon, Leyte )
  • Neorudolphia volubilis ( Willd.) Brotton; it occurs in Puerto Rico
  • Amphicarpaea Elliott ex Nutt. With about five species in tropical Africa, eastern Asia and North America.
  • Calopogonium Desv. With about six species in the Neotropics.
  • Cologania Kunth: With about 12 species in tropical America
  • Dumasia DC. With about ten species in southern Africa and in Asia.
  • Eminia Taub. With about four species in tropical Africa
  • Glycine Willd. With about nine species tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the eastern hemisphere.
  • Herpyza C.Wright: With only one type: Herpyza grandiflora ( Griseb. ) C. Wright; it occurs in Western Cuba
  • Neocollettia wallichii (short ) Schindler; it is found in Myanmar and Java
  • Hardenbergia Benth. With about three species in Australia
  • Kennedia Vent. With about 15 species in Australia
  • Vandasina Rauschert: With only one type: Vandasina retusa ( Benth. ) Rauschert; it occurs in New Guinea and Queensland
  • Cruddasia Prain: With only two species in tropical Asia
  • Ophrestia HMLForbes: With about 13 species in tropical Africa.
  • Pseudoeriosema Hauman: With about four species in tropical Africa
  • Alistilus NEBr. With about three species in southern tropical Africa and Madagascar
  • Austrodolichos Verdc. Using only one type: Austrodolichos errabundus (M. Scott) Verdc. ; it is found in northern Australia
  • Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc. ; it occurs in the southern tropical Africa
  • Dolichopsis paraguariensis Hassl. ; it is found in southern Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina
  • Hyacinth Bean ( Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet): It is native to Africa but is grown throughout the tropics.
  • Mysanthus uleanus ( Harms ) G.P.Lewis & A.Delgado; it occurs in Brazil
  • Oryxis monticola ( Benth. ) A.Delgado & G.P.Lewis; it occurs in Brazil
  • Spathionema kilimandscharicum Taub.; they occur in tropical Africa
  • Vatovaea pseudolablab ( Harms ) Gillett; it comes from the tropical East Africa to Oman ago
  • Apios Make: With about eight species mainly in eastern Asia.
  • Butea Roxb. ex Willd. With about four species from tropical Asia.
  • Cochlianthus Benth. With only two species in southern and southwestern China and Nepal.
  • Decorsea R.Vig. With about six species in Africa and Madagascar
  • Diphyllarium Gagnep. Using only one type: Diphyllarium melongense Gagnep. ; it occurs in Southeast Asia

Use

Many species are used in many ways. As food for the people especially the seeds and fruits, but also serve the tubers in some species. They provide fodder. They are built as a green manure. The medical effects of numerous types were tested. Some species are dye plants. Many species are used as ornamental plants.

Swell

  • Ren Sat, Delin Wu, Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang, Hang Sun, Puhua Huang, Michael G. Gilbert, Mats Thulin, C. Melanie Wilmot - Dear & Hiroyoshi Ohashi: Phaseoleae in the Flora of China, Volume 10, 2010, pp. 196: online. (Section Description, distribution, use and systematics)
  • Robert Hegnauer: chemotaxonomy of plants, Volume XIB -2, Springer, 2001 ISBN 3-7643-5862-9. Online at Google Books. ( Phaseoleae: page 306-469 )
  • David John Mabberley: Mabberley 's Plant -Book. A portable dictionary of plants, Their classification and uses '. 3rd ed Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
Rosids Heinrich Georg Bronn Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Clitoria ternatea Oceania Rhynchosia New World Seram Island Glycine (plant) Pachyrhizus Pueraria Indochina Macrotyloma Vigna Agricultural Research Service
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