Phenomenological life

The phenomenology of life ( even radical life phenomenology or substantive phenomenology of life) goes back to the French philosopher Michel Henry ( 1922-2002 ). It consists of classical phenomenology so far from when they returned, the possibility worldly appearance on an original appearance of life. Innerphänomenologische Critics accuse the life phenomenology, however, that her appeal on the life appearance methodically unconvinced. Currently, this approach has an international and interdisciplinary activity.

Michel Henry

Already in his early masterpiece L'essence de la manifestation underwent Michel Henry 1963, the occidental ontological tradition that latter day, especially in the German idealism revived again and has not been revised according to his conviction in classical phenomenology radical enough, a fundamental criticism. The tradition in this almost -forgotten initial (self) apperception of the thinking subject in life is Henry Maine de Biran especially in back. Henry wanted to accomplish in continuation of this approach, as he put Incarnation in his late work, "the motion of that thinking ", " which understands what comes before him: the self-giving of the absolute life, in this self -contained is ankünftig. " A to accept such a phenomenological primacy of life before thinking and any other intentionality, acting on the studied traditions downright subversive. After this " revolution " not only the phenomenology, but of Western thought in general it appeared Henry necessary, crucial areas of our culture - such as politics and economics, psychology, art and religion - to reconsider.

Criticism

The French philosopher and historian of philosophy Dominique Janicaud In 1991, a year before the approach of life phenomenology was known by Henry publication radical life phenomenology in the German- widening circles, given to consider in a polemic, if there is not some batches of the recent French phenomenology ( be next to Henry in this context, Emmanuel Levinas, Jean -Luc Marion and Jean -Louis Chrétien called ) a methodological reflection on the possibility of them completed About Stieg about the lack Appearing directly. Apparently, according to the accusation that they had here to the sought also by Husserl principle of the show taken apodictic abbreviations, in which the phenomenology have hidden initially.

Theodor W. Adorno formulated in his essay The timeliness of the philosophy of 7 May 1931, criticism of the idealistic nature of the materials phenomenology:

" Husserl has cleaned the idealism of any speculative excess and brought him to the dimension of the highest attainable reality to him. But he has not blown it. In his area there as in Cohen and Natorp the autonomous spirit; only he has renounced the claim of the productive power of the Spirit, the Kantian and Fichte's spontaneity and is content just as Kant himself nich contented himself to take the sphere whose possession of what it is adequately accessible. [ ... ] The transition in which substantive phenomenology ' is only illusory and come at the price of that reliability of the findings that are granted solely to the legal basis of the phenomenological method. "

Phenomenology of life today

The life phenomenology has drawn more circles not only after the death of Henry: It is to be mentioned with regard to the continuation of his approach in Germany in the first place the work of Rolf Kühn, next - from an international perspective - the work of Ruud worlds ( Netherlands), Jad Hatem and Rerverend Father Jean Reaidy (both Lebanon), by Gabrielle Dufour - Kowalska ( Switzerland ), Marc Maesschalck, Jean Leclercq and Raphael Gely (all Belgium), Frédéric Seyler, partly by Jean -Francois Lavigne (France) and Florinda Martins ( Portugal ), further Adnen Idey (Tunisia ) and Yorihiro Yamagata (Japan). In Italy and in the English-speaking world, the situation is somewhat more complicated for different reasons, but in these countries there is also a wide reception.

Among those who are not really be described as Lebensphänomenologen, but constructive criticism to deal with it, would be to call from a German perspective, among other things László Tengelyi and Hans -Rainer Sepp. A certain substantive affinity is also for deep phenomenology José Sánchez de Murillo, inasmuch as in both cases a manifestation in life is preceded by all other world - superficial revelations.

In an interdisciplinary perspective, there is in the German language for a long time a notable reception of life phenomenology in the field of psychotherapy (especially in the context of the existence and analysis of individual psychology ). Some results of this very fruitful meeting are reflected in the 2006 -founded Yearbook for psychotherapy, philosophy and cultural psycho- logic.

In addition, one can observe how the phenomenology of life is gaining in theology and Christian philosophy of religion of attention (for example, Hanna- Barbara Gerl - Falkovitz and Markus Enders ). A larger reception in the theory of the arts and in the political and economic research (which itself was offering part of the subjects lebensphänomenologischen spectrum) has so far not found.