Phila (daughter of Antipater)
Phila (Greek Φίλα; * to 340 BC; † 287 BC) was a Macedonian nobleman and Diadochenkönigin. She was the eldest of four daughters of the general and statesman Antipater, who officiated in 334 BC after the departure of Alexander the Great to Asia as acting head of Macedonia.
Life
Even before the start of the Asian campaign, Alexander Phila was married to the bodyguard Balakros, who was appointed BC governor of Cilicia, 333. Due to the birth of three sons common, Antipater, Thraseas and Balakros, it is likely that Phila had accompanied her husband to Cilicia or was at least several times traveled there. A mentioned by the late antique author Antonius Diogenes letter of Balakros at Phila which is dated to the period after the siege of Tyre ( August 332 BC), implies that Phila in the period of the campaign also separated from her husband in Macedonia was staying.
Balakros fell around the year 324/323 BC in the battle against the rebellious Pisidians, and shortly afterwards died Alexander in Babylon. Probably came home with the Phila -withdrawing veterans under the leadership of Craterus back to Macedonia to her father. Around the year 322/321 BC it was with Craterus, who had meanwhile become the most important allies of her father, married. Her second husband was already in the spring of 320 BC during the first Diadochenkrieges in the Battle of the Hellespont against Eumenes, who had cremated the body of Craterus honorable. Phila was the ashes until several years later, during the siege of Tyre ( 314-313 BC), accept. From this brief marriage of the son of Craterus emerged.
In the course of the Conference of Triparadeisos 320 BC, which ended the first Diadochenkrieg and ascended into the Antipater as regent of Alexander's empire, Phila was married to at least ten years younger Demetrios Poliorketes. Demetrios was the son of Antigonus Monophthalmos, the most powerful man in Asia and friend of her father, who died in 319 BC. With the beginning of the third Diadochenkrieges 316 BC but her husband's family joined in a fierce battle for supremacy in Greece with her brother Cassander. Phila took therefore repeated on a mediating role between them. In 306 BC, Antigonus took Monophthalmos and Demetrios Poliorketes the royal title with a claim to the successorship of Alexander the Great on. But in 301 BC took their cause in the Battle of Ipsos to an end. Phila remained at her husband, as the Sea King operational now a policy for the recovery of Greece page. Around the year 298 BC, she traveled again to Macedonia to calm Cassander because of the expulsion of the Pleistarchus from Cilicia by Demetrios. In the year 297 BC Phila fell with her children and her mother-in Stratonike the ruler of Egypt, Ptolemy, in his hands when he conquered Cyprus. Ptolemy gave himself nobly and let the family immediately released again by having them sent to the staying in Greece Demetrios Poliorketes. In the year 294 BC conquered Demetrius the Macedonian throne after there had fought each other in bloody intrigues Philas nephews.
Phila is one of the few female personalities of the Diadochi, over which a more detailed characterization has been handed down. Diodorus described it as a wise and fair woman. Despite her youth, her father is said to have value placed on their judgment on policy issues. Furthermore, he praised their loyalty to Demetrius by Ipsos, although these have their support and advice neither rewarded nor considered. Instead, he had repeatedly humiliated by his oriental attitudes and openly lived polygamy. As Demetrios 287 BC lost the Macedonian kingdom against Pyrrhus and stabbed with his fleet to sea, Phila was not prepared to ignominious flight. She committed suicide by poison potion.
From her marriage to Demetrius Poliorketes († 283 BC) Phila had two children:
- Antigonus Gonatas (c. 319 BC, † 239 BC), King of Macedonia
- Stratonike (* 317 BC, † after 268 BC), successively married to Seleucus I and his son Antiochus I.
Their eponymous Seleucid granddaughter, a subsidiary of Stratonike and of Seleucus, Antigonus Gonatas was married to.
Phila was probably the only Queen of antigonidischen dynasty, the ritual worship was met with. The Lampsakener Adeimantus demonstrated his devotion to Demetrius Poliorketes, pointing to a place called Philaion, of the Athenian deme Thria a temple built for Phila, where she was worshiped as Aphrodite. The " Aphrodite Phila " cult and another temple in Lampsacus be confirmed in a fragment of the comic poet Alexis. A Sami decree, addressed to dignitaries of Kos, mentions a sanctuary ( temenos ) on Samos, which was dedicated to a queen Phila. The literature assigns it to the Phila, daughter of Antipater, too.