Philhellenism
The philhellenism ( German: " friendship with the Greek " ) is used as the name of persons who work for the Greek or feel spiritually united with Greece. When Phil Hellenes designated as chronologically distant people as the Roman poet Seneca and the American- French director Jules Dassin. Often the movement of philhellenes is denoted by the term.
The movement of the philhellenes
The movement of the philhellenes was a neo-humanist spiritual flow that their followers took place in the 1820s in Europe and even in North America. History of ideas, the philhellenism was like the German Polenschwärmerei a counter movement for restoration. Its center was Geneva.
The philhellenes it consisted mostly of young men of aristocratic origin and classical education, who regarded himself as a representative and guardian of a great ancient civilization and invoke corresponding to feel, to the descendants of the ancient Greeks in the struggle for independence against the Ottoman Empire help. Many of them joined in the wake of the Greek revolution even the troops and went into battle. Many philhellenes were friends of Greeks abroad, or developed in contact with Greeks a keen interest in the Greek world in general.
History
In August 1821, the revolution already lasted four months, the first Philhellenic organization was established in Berne. In the German Munich area had become a metropolis of philhellenism. This led Professor Franz Xaver von Baader an important Philhellenic society. His colleague, the philologist and Bavarian princesses educator Friedrich Wilhelm von Thiersch, advocated the establishment of a " German Legion ", which should support Hellas. On August 1, 1821 was published by Prof. Krug 's " bid to the German citizens to form Hülfsvereinen for Greece " and two days later it came to the establishment of the first association with 100 members in Stuttgart. This was then on the main club, there were established in large cities other clubs and offshoots. Jean -Gabriel Eynard made contact with the Greek Government ago. Many club members learned modern Greek or organized " expeditions " to Greece. The movement found even in the highest levels of government supporters. They supported, for example, the Bavarian King Ludwig I by significant monetary donations, which at least indirectly later in favor of the election of his son Otto impacted the king of Greece. Even the spelling of the country name Bavaria with "y" is an arrangement King Ludwig I of 20 October 1825, with the original spelling " Bavaria " was replaced. The replacement of "i" by the " Greek upsilon " was still significant expression for the king philhellenism.
As the most powerful opponent of the movement was the Austrian Chancellor, Prince von Metternich. The philhellenes again fought bitterly the theses about the Greeks Hellenized Slavs of the historian Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer.
Phenomena
Phenomena of philhellenism were the Gräzisierung of surnames, the choice of Greek names but also of place names and names of companies. For example, the American city of Woodruff 's Grove was named after the Greek civil war renamed in Ypsilanti (Michigan ) by Dimitrios Ypsilanti.
Phil Hellenic societies
- Philiki Etaireia
- Philo muses
Known philhellenes
- Franz Baader, Chairman of Philo muses in Munich
- Lord Byron
- Richard Church
- Edward Codrington
- Louis Dupré
- Jean Gabriel Eynard
- Charles Nicolas Fabvier
- Adam Friedel, Danish adventurer and portrait artist
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Frank Abney Hastings, a British captain
- Karl Wilhelm von Heideck
- Friedrich Hölderlin
- Samuel Gridley Howe
- Victor Hugo
- Wilhelm von Humboldt
- Johann Jakob Meyer, editor of the first Greek newspaper
- Wilhelm Müller, poet
- Alfred de Musset
- François Pouqueville
- Alexander Pushkin
- August Ludwig Reyscher
- Friedrich Schiller
- Albert Schott
- Marie Espérance by Schwartz, writer
- Percy Bysshe Shelley
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Thiersch
- Jeanne Daniel Wyttenbach
- Ludwig I.