Philipp Apian

Philipp Apian (also: Bennewitz or Bienewitz ) (* September 14, 1531 in Ingolstadt, † November 15, 1589 in Tübingen ) was a German mathematician, physician, cartographer, and heraldry.

Life

Philipp Apian was born as Philipp Bienewitz (or Bennewitz ) in Ingolstadt and was the son of the mathematician, astronomer and cartographer Peter Apian from Leisnig in Saxony. At age eleven, he began to study mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt; at the age of 18, he continued his studies in Burgundy, continued in Paris and Bourges.

After his return in 1552 Philipp Apian took over the printing of his father and was already with 21 years as a professor at the University of Ingolstadt. He taught here from 1552, starting next to his own teaching the courses of medical school to visit. He completed his medical studies eventually a few years later during a trip to Italy with visits to the universities of Padua, Ferrara and Bologna from. At the University of Ingolstadt he remained until he was forced to leave in 1569 Ingolstadt as a staunch Protestant during the Counter-Reformation at the instigation of the Jesuits.

In Tübingen Apian found a new home, but lost after fourteen years teaching in 1583 his post because he refused to condemn Calvinism.

By the end of his life was devoted to the completion of his Apian topographical work.

The tomb Apian located in the collegiate church in Tübingen.

Life's work

Big Map of Bavaria

1554 gave Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria Apian commissioned to capture Bavaria cartographically. The cards should complement the resulting 1526-1533 Bairische chronicle of Johannes Aventinus.

In seven summers Apian Upper and Lower Bavaria, Upper Palatinate traveled, the Archdiocese and the Bishopric of Salzburg and the Diocese of Eichstätt and carried out land surveys. After two years of preparation, he created a good 6 x 6 meter map in scale 1:45.000, which was colored by the painter Bartel Refinger. During a joint surveying travel Apian brother Timothy died after a fall from his horse, at the accident site was Philipp build the so-called Timothy Cross.

The 1563 finished card was housed in the library of the residence. She showed much finer detail than the country charts. Middle of the 18th century made ​​the engineer Lieutenant Franz Xaver Pusch on a replica of the Great Map. When he died in 1782, the original of the great card that was now severely damaged, was burned. The replica Pusch burned in bomb attacks at the end of the Second World War.

Bairische land boards

On the basis of the "big ticket " Let Philipp Apian in 1566 by Jost Amman make woodcuts on a smaller scale of 1:144.000. These so-called Bavarian, country tables, divided into 24 woodcuts, Apian laid in his own print shop. The accuracy of the maps was exceeded only in the 19th century; even Napoleon used it to invade Bavaria.

An original print of the card is issued in the City Museum Ingolstadt, the printing blocks are now in the Bavarian National Museum in Munich.

Abraham Ortelius used colored copper engravings of this country charts in book form " ex tabula Philippi Apiani ".

Terrestrial globe

On behalf of Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria Philipp Apian made ​​a terrestrial globe, which was completed in 1576 and was placed in the library room upstairs in the Antiquarium of the Residenz in Munich.

Bavarian coat of arms collection and Descriptio Bavariae

The Apiansche coat of arms collection, already in 1562 cut in wood, covered a total of 646 arms of the Bavarian clergy, the nobility and the cities and villages of Bavaria. Along with a description of the state of Bavaria, the collection should complement the appearance of the country on the country charts and complete. Apian died about working on collection and description. As far as the coat of arms collection was published in 1880 about coming together with the almost complete Latin text of the description of the country for the first time by the Historical Society of Upper Bavaria occasion of the celebration of the seven- hundred-year anniversary of the ruling House of Wittelsbach.

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