Philipp von Zesen
Philip of Zesen, also: Filip Cösius or caesius, pseudonym: Knights hold of Blue ( born October 8, 1619 Priorau at Dessau, † November 13, 1689 in Hamburg ) was a German poet, Protestant hymn writer and poet. He is next to Sigmund von Birken one of the first German professional writer. His autobiographical novel The Adriatic Rosenmund of 1645 is considered the first great novel of the German Baroque literature, his poetry had a large influence on the development of German metric.
Life
Zesen was born as the son of Lutheran pastor Philip Zesen and his wife Dorthe in Priorau at Dessau. His birthplace is preserved. When he was about 16 years old, he attended high school in Halle under Christian Gueintz, who even then presented the neighboring yard in Köthen the gifted students. He studied from 1639 to 1641 Rhetoric and Poetics at the University of Wittenberg in August Buchner. Since 1641, he lived in Hamburg.
The years following his training frequent change of residence and financial need were of finding a job, embossed. He applied several times in vain at court and forced to work as a freelance writer. The war years 1642-1648 he spent mostly in Amsterdam, Leiden and Utrecht, where he worked as a translator and proofreader for Dutch publishers, but also undertook extended trips to London, Paris, in the Baltic States and Denmark.
1648 to 1656 he lived in the family home in Priorau and was recorded at one of his visits to the neighboring Köthen in the Fruitbearing society. His own country, Prince Johann Casimir von Anhalt- Dessau was paralyzed in 1652 by a hunting accident, and therefore Zesen spent several years as a partner of the prince at the Dessau court.
It was not until 1656 he again had a permanent residence in the Netherlands, mostly in Amsterdam, where he was awarded in 1662 the civil rights and was considered one of the most important employees in the publisher Elsevier. 1672 married Zesen the canvas trader Maria Becker, with whom he settled in his last years in Hamburg again.
Work
Zesen tried his hand at almost every literary form; His work is primarily on linguistic and literary theoretical importance, second rank his poems. Theology and church historical significance Zesen wins by its mediation of biblical content in poems and novels.
Because of the recommended him quirky spelling - he saw himself as a voice, verse and spelling reformers, as Sprachpurist who wanted to expand the vocabulary of the German literary language with neologisms - left him membership in the fruit -bearing Society failed a long time. Not until the early 1649 visited Zesen Prince Ludwig I of Anhalt- Köthen and was accepted as a member of this.
As a society name Zesen the well- posits was awarded and after meant for him as a currency of nature. Zesen emblem shows the Ruhr herb. In Köthener society book also Zesen rhyme Act can be found under No. 521 on the occasion of his admission:
It should be noted here that this is the latest version of Zesen even improved in these lines.
1653 at the Diet of Regensburg was Zesen of Emperor Ferdinand III. personally knighted, and in 1667 he was raised to Hofpfalzgrafen.
Probably founded in 1642 in Hamburg Zesen already a voice company called German - Zunfft. But a year later was transferred to the German -minded cooperative. This association had set itself among other objectives, to preserve the German language and to avoid influence by foreign words.
Zesen wrote nearly 90 books, almost all poetic genres and died at the age of 70 years on November 13, 1689 in Hamburg.
Works (selection)
- Melpomene ( 1638), Poetry
- German Helicon (1640), Poetics
- Heavenly Kleio ( 1641), Poetry
- Spring pleasure or praise, of pleasure and love songs (1642 ), poems collection
- Poetic Rose forests Vorschmack (1642 ), pastoral poetry
- Hooch - German Spraachübrung, ( 1643 ) treatise on literary theory
- Love Description Lysander and Kalisten ( 1644), the novel translation by Lysandre et Caliste of Vital d' Audiguier and three other
- The Adriatic Rosenmund (1645 ), an autobiographical novel ( and digitized full text in German Text Archive )
- Lust Inne (1645 ), poems collection
- The African Sofonisbe ( 1646), novel
- Quick rinse. Instructions for politeness ( 1649)
- Leo Belgicus ( 1656), novel
- Description of the city of Amsterdam ( 1664) ( " Therein by the same first origin up to the present state, their different ongrowth, herliche privileges ... zusamt their Stahtswesen, buying trade, and makes considerable to see ... " )
- Beautiful Hamburg (1668 ) Songs
- Assenat (1670 ) Biblical Roman ( digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
- Travel Songs ( 1677)
- Samson ( 1679 ) Biblical Roman
Verdeutschungen
Successful Verdeutschungen
Zesen invented for many foreign words Verdeutschungen, the entrance into the German language have found such derivation ( for the foreign word derivation ), distance (distance), pivot (Pol), address ( address), moment ( moment ), excursion ( excursion), enclosing ( apposition ), comma (comma), Meeting ( review ), martyr ( martyr ), library (library ), upstart ( parvenu ), design ( project ), color ( color ), free State (Republic), horizon ( horizon, Panorama ), religion ( creed ), church (temple), foundation (foundation ), circulation (circulation), Passion ( passion), Last Will ( Testament), dialect ( dialect), obituaries ( necrology ), spelling ( orthography ), epigram ( epigram ), mortality (mortality), Author (Author), proxy ( Plenipotenz ), slogan ( motto ), the universe (universe).
Unsuccessful Verdeutschungen
Other proposed foreign word translations act today partly curious or useless, like flash fire excitation ( for electricity), dried body ( mummy ), Entgliederer ( anatomist ), patriarch ( Pope ), godhood ( religion), Virgin kennel (monastery), church table ( altar), klägeln ( grouse ), Krautbeschreiber ( botanist ), Leuthold ( Patriot), Lotter bed (sofa), like cave ( grotto ), lust child ( Cupid), Meuchelpuffer (gun), Schalk Ernst ( irony ), Spitz building ( pyramid), ridicule simulation ( parody), daily candlestick (window ), Weiberhof ( harem ), Witness mother ( nature).
The ever- quoted " face Erker" (nose ) is not a neologism Zesen, but, as already noted in the 19th century in linguistic works, an imaginary to his mocking invention of his opponents: " It is time that, after two hundred years at least this patch of the image of the man away, who worked a lot, seriously sought, if also often mistaken " ( Otto von Leixner: History of German Literature ). .
Literature (selection )
- Hugo Harbrecht: Philip of Zesen as purists. M. Gillardon, Karlsruhe in Baden in 1912.
- Eberhard Lindhorst: Philip of Zesen and the novel of late antiquity. A contribution to the theory and technique of the Baroque novel. Univ. Diss, Göttingen, 1955 ( reprint 1997).
- Hans Obermann: studies of Philip of Zesen novels. Univ. Diss, Göttingen 1932.
- Chrystèle Schielein: Philip of Zesen. Spelling reformer with Dutch models? Univ. Diss, Erlangen 2002.
- Maximilian Berggruen; Dieter Martin ( ed.): Philip of Zesen. Knowledge - Language - Literature. Tübingen 2008.
Work and bibliography
- Gerhard Dünnhaupt: Philip of Zesen. In: Personal bibliographies on the printing of the Baroque, Vol 6 Stuttgart: Hiersemann 1993, pp. 4272-4331. ISBN 3-7772-9305-9