Philosophical counseling

As a philosophical practices refers to a form of life coaching, which can be observed in Germany since about the 1980s. The process of differentiation and finding a common self-understanding are not yet complete, which makes definition difficult and tentative. Classically, the definition of Odo Marquard in the Historical Dictionary of Philosophy: " The term PP in 1981 ... marked Gerd B. Achenbach: under PP he understands the philosophical life as professional advice that is happening in the practice of a philosopher. You ... no philosophemes prescribed, administered no philosophical insight, but it is the thought in motion: to philosophize. "

A Philosophical Practice accordingly defined primarily by the concern to make philosophical knowledge and philosophical methodology for the general public and to enable the utilization of a resource, the practical potential of philosophy and philosophizing. At this general public includes individuals, organizations or companies, for philosophy in the form of philosophical group discussions, individual interviews, seminars, travel, among other things is prepared. The spectrum ranges from individual counseling, advising organizations or businesses, the education (seminars, lectures ), philosophical travel or the philosophical café. The offers of the various philosophical practices often differ significantly from each other and are strongly influenced by the personality and training, and objectives of each practitioner.

Philosophical practices in the German-speaking countries have different focuses and shapes. In general, these practices are mostly private economic enterprises, more rarely, there are also non-profit organizations. The procedure is as in the individual practices, is not legally regulated. An overview of the different forms provides a directory practices.

Meanwhile, there are various, some regional associations:

  • International Society for Philosophical Practice ( IGPP ).
  • Network for practical philosophy ( Switzerland and Southern Germany )
  • Professional Association for Philosophical Practice
  • Society for Applied Philosophy ( Austria )

Realization of Philosophical Practice

Philosophical Practice has been implemented in the form of various tenders: In the beginning was the Philosophical counseling, but soon other forms of philosophical training events were (seminars, lectures, Philosophical Travel, courses ), discussion forums such as Philosophical cafes and podiums, philosophical discussion groups, philosophical, business consulting and coaching, philosophizing added with children and guidance.

When still a young phenomenon itself Philosophical practices comprehend nor deferred to other offers, facilities or spin-offs. A Philosophical Practice distinguishes itself from

  • The teaching of philosophy in the tertiary education sector, ie universities, colleges;
  • The traditional teaching of philosophy in adult and continuing education;
  • The field of medical therapy, especially for psychotherapy and
  • The field of contemporary religion, spirituality, esotericism.

Since May 2009, a professional association exists for Philosophical Practice, which has been founded from the IGPP out and aims at the professionalisation of philosophical practice as a consulting professional.

Realisationsexempel

The German - French philosopher Simone Claudia Dorchain presented in their short films philosophical content, are always presented before the visual backdrop of a classic salon. As part of a philosophical practice in the sense Gerd B. Achenbach Dorchain puts the ( service providing ) advice via aesthetically thoughtful design of the video in the light of the time in which philosophizing " no gender-specific domain " represents, but rather " a qualified cognizance of the contents, who have always been a concern to people. " Among the approximately sixty short films that will be provided via the platform YouTube of the philosopher is available, can be found next to the history of philosophy " evergreens " such as truth, love, language and reason representations of the intellectual achievements of Master Eckhardt, Friedrich Nietzsche and Giorgio Agamben. Thinking of the border with theology, Dorchain discussed in little clay vernünftelndem select the images from the spectrum continental traditions of thought. The topics are treated in a monologue abgehandelter form, which, given the always very briefly outlined areas of philosophical knowledge seems quite appropriate. By his own definition of the practitioner, the discipline is to understand philosophy as a " timeless classic ", the " well-founded scooping from the Wissenspol the sensible thing thought " allows. In philosophical practice, so Dorchain, is primarily concerned with the question of the action (not the If ), which contributes in the form of dialogical development and reflection for the transport of knowledge. In this way, the philosopher is an advisor to the Advisory to the analyst decision maxims, which are of crucial importance in the lives of individuals. The aim of psychotherapeutic sessions other hand, seems to be the transformative effect of therapeutic interventions on the client. While, however, vary the measures themselves, the professional discussion and reflection of the disclosed problems from the client by the therapist can be seen as a unifying structural feature of various psychotherapeutic approaches. Medical disease education is considered in the context of psychotherapy as a contribution to better self- understanding of the clients and is an important part of the practice, whereas in philosophical practice plays no or only a minor role.

Scientific classification

Seen systematically supported the Philosophical Practice as a form of practical ethics a fledgling space next to the applied ethics, as well as next to the philosophical and scientific research. It represents a form of testing philosophical knowledge in human life.

Historical classification

From the perspective of the above connection to life the history of philosophy the philosophical practice can represent a cursory way:

The philosophy had its origin in ancient Greece. At that time she presented a kind of avant-garde flow within a not quite stable worldview dar.

Philosophy sought on the one hand to a reformulation of theoretical frameworks for social coexistence. But she was by no means merely a theoretical discussion, but actual training in lifestyle, exercise in a good life. Good Life in the ancient Greek understanding but meant striving for a match with the world reason ( the logos). Philosophy was thus the theory and practice of the good life. Was Philosophized mostly in more or less elitist circles ( Plato's Academy, Aristotle's Lyceum, Epicurus Kepos ). Philosophy as an organization had in some way back in ancient Greece, the shape and function of a kind of spiritual direction, she was mental exercise.

Since the 2nd century AD, this task of spiritual direction and practice began to shift in the communities of the young Christianity. The Christian doctrine took on more and more the role of the ' true philosophy '. It saw itself obliged as the true divine Logos. Following the example of the ancient philosophers Circle spiritual exercises (¬ mental exercises ) were a central element in the daily routine of many Christian monastic communities. Philosophy became in Christian monastic environment the epitome of pastoral care. She was living and training mental exercise in the sense of lived wisdom than religiosity.

With the formation of the first universities in the Middle Ages took place the cleavage of the philosophy of the concerns of practical life: it was limited increasingly to the discussion of purely theoretical contexts. Finally, philosophy was still merely as a preparation for the study of theology and was relegated to the " handmaiden of theology ". This philosophy was finally no longer life, but more abstract, theoretical discourse. The aspects of exercise and lifestyle have been completely taken over by the monastic practice. Philosophy as a university discipline was the elite specialists discourse.

With the Renaissance and rationalism partly done an exemption from this corset. A recovery of food is close but still so far from reaching.

Since the end of the 18th century can be an increase of creative dynamics within university circles recorded (Kant, representatives of German idealism as Fichte, Schelling, Hegel). Non-university and as a counterpoint to the received opinion, especially of German idealism formulated under other Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche their theses, which can be used as precursor theories of the major philosophical movements of the 20th century ( phenomenology and existential philosophy ) read and their movement finally in the postmodern construction of special discourses opens (Derrida, Deleuze, Guattari, Lyotard and others).

The process of abstraction has pulled through to the 21st century. For philosophy and art of living is now especially important that now the ethical discussion, that is, the philosophical reflection on the conditions and possibilities of a good and just life and living together, stuck in a dead end. The theoretical efforts are lost in the formulation of general principles, which are no longer applicable to a practice of life in their community. Ethics but without application is pure mind game that condemns the public to a helpless spectator. The professional ethics tried this problem by applying the formulation of so-called area of ​​ethics to solve (eg ecoethics, Medizinalethik, animal ethics, legal ethics, ethics sale ... ). However, a real application of ethical concerns is hard to achieve on a purely cognitive ( mental ) base, but only on the way of personal experience with the inclusion of individual feeling aspects. However, this requires a personal dialogue between real -present interlocutors. In Hans Kramer's words, "If [ ... ] ethics is to be practical, [ ... ] then is the philosophical consultation required". Here's a different way of dealing with philosophical questions and knowledge is required. This is not only to save philosophy from its ivory tower, but to make philosophical knowledge accessible again for individual and societal needs.

The term Philosophical Practice has introduced Gerd B. Achenbach. He started from the observation that the university philosophy philosophemes its not fair on everyday life and the psychology of having a deficit in theory. Soon after, in 1985, the first Conference on Philosophical Practice took place. The ' inventor ' of this term understood by philosophical practice, a philosophical life advice; meanwhile, the concepts of philosophical practices have differentiated. In the same year Günther Witzany founded the first Philosophical Practice outside Germany in Salzburg. Philosophical practices now exist around the world. Especially in Scandinavian countries, but also in Switzerland, Austria, England, Israel, the USA, Holland, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Mexico enjoy Philosophical practices of a great popularity. The scope of duties of the Philosophical practice is in the organization and maintenance of philosophical discussions as diverse, some new forms of understanding, clarifying and finding meaning.

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