Philydraceae
Helmholtzia glaberrima
- Helmholtzia
- Philydrella
- Philydrum
The Philydraceae are a family in the order of Commelina -like ( Commelinales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). This small family contains three to four genera with only five to six species.
- 4.1 Notes and references
Description
Habit and foliage leaves
The types of Philydraceae are perennial herbaceous plants. They usually form underground storage organs: tubers or rhizomes short. Often they are found in marshy areas.
The leaves are usually arranged in two rows directly above the ground, ie basal, rosette or alternate to spirally on the stem. The simple leaf blade is parallel-veined, mostly iso- bifazial to ensiform and ganzrandige. Some taxa have xeromorphe leaves. The stomata are paracytisch.
Inflorescences and flowers
The sessile flowers are mostly made in simple or branched, woolly haired, aged men inflorescences. The bracts are relatively conspicuous.
The hermaphrodite flowers are triple and strongly zygomorphic. Some species strongly scented. There are two circles per flower with three bloom cladding, which are designed very differently, with the outer ones are much larger than the inner ones, some are grown together; they are white or yellow. Per flower there is only one stamen. Three carpels are a superior ovaries adherent to 15 to 50 per ovule per ovary chamber. The style ends in a large, three-lobed or capitate stigma.
Fruit and seeds
Are formed dreiklappige capsule fruit with many seeds. The seeds contain plenty of starchy endosperm.
Ingredients and sets of chromosomes
On ingredients proanthocyanidins are: cyanidin and delphinidin mentioned. It can be stored as raphides of calcium oxalate crystals.
The chromosome sets amount to n = 8, 16, 17
Systematics and distribution
Taxa of this family thrive from the tropics to the subtropics of Southeast Asia through the Malay Archipelago to Japan and Australia. The main distribution area is Australia. They thrive mostly in marshes or along bodies of water, always in locations with constantly moist soil.
The first publication of the family name Philydraceae was in 1821 by Heinrich Friedrich Link in Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Berolinensis Altera, 1, p 5 The type genus is Philydrum Banks ex Gaertn ..
The Philydraceae are related within the order of Commelinales closest to the Haemodoraceae and Pontederiaceae.
The Philydraceae family contains three to four genera with a total of five to six types:
- Helmholtzia F.Muell. ( Syn: . Orthothylax ( Hook.f. ) Skottsb, Philydrum sect Helmholtzia ( F.Muell ) Baill. .. ): With two species in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland and New Guinea: Helmholtzia acorifolia F.Muell.
- Helmholtzia glaberrima ( Hook.f. ) Caruel ( syn.. Orthothylax glaberrimus ( Hook.f. ) Skottsb, Philydrum glaberrimum Hook.f. )
- Philydrella drummondii L.G.Adams
- Philydrella pygmaea ( R.Br. ) Caruel ( Syn: .. Hetaeria pygmaea ( R.Br. ) Endl ex Kunth, Hetaeria pygmaea Endl, nom illeg, Philydrum pygmaeum R.Br., Pritzelia pygmaea ( R.Br.. .. . ) F.Muell ex Benth, nom illeg ): .. with two subspecies: Philydrella pygmaea subsp. minima L.G.Adams
- Philydrella pygmaea ( R.Br. ) Caruel subsp. pygmaea
- Philydrum lanuginosum Gaertn. With a wide distribution: China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam and northern Australia.
More images
Helmholtzia glaberrima:
Inflorescence.
Zygomorphe flowers.
Swell
- The Philydraceae in APWebsite family. (English )
- The Philydraceae at DELTA of L.Watson and MJDallwitz family.
- Guofang Wu, Kai Larsen: Philydraceae in the Flora of China. Volume 24, page 43: Online. (English )
- Description of the family in the flora of Western Australia. (English )
- Philydraceae in Flora of Australia Online: Online.