Phyllostachys
Forest of Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis)
Phyllostachys is a genus in the tribe of bamboos ( Bambuseae ) within the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). This genus contains species that are major suppliers of bamboo shoots and also important ornamental plants.
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaves
All Phyllostachys species grow with an underground, compared with strains relatively narrow rhizomes, from the tree-like or shrub -like, above-ground stalks sprout ( leptomorphes rhizome ). This consequently do not grow horst -shaped, but shaped lawn spread. The plants can hereby have a total weight of several tonnes. The aerial parts reach stature heights of about 10 meters in most species.
The stalks are between the nodes ( more nodes ) around and have flattened significantly over the side branches of a shallow groove or are ( sulcus ). The Halmknoten have two more or less pronounced lateral beads. At each node arise from two more or less equally strong side branches, more rarely three, in which case the third, middle side branch is significantly weaker. The sheaths that surround the stem, eventually fall off. A ligule is present in many species, and long auriculate bristly.
Inflorescences and flowers
The total inflorescences consist of one to seven spike-like partial inflorescences, which in turn are grouped into bundles or hanks. These sit on a tiny, membranous, zweikieligen cover sheet, a possible lack of brood body supporting support sheet, then two to six upwardly enlarged scale-like bracts, and finally two to seven differ -ended bracts. This bladed inflorescences gave the genus also their scientific name Phyllostachys is derived from the Greek and means " leafy spike ".
The spikelets consist of two to seven individual flowers, the top one is sterile. You do not have to a glume, sometimes up to three.
Occurrence
All PhyllostachysArten come from the temperate to tropical East and South Asia, probably from China. From there they were introduced in Japan, Korea and Indochina, where they are also home now. However, many of the world are also cultivated in other parts and can run wild.
They grow as undergrowth in forests, or can itself be the dominant species in forests.
Use
In most species, the young shoots shortly before or shortly after they come out of the earth in spring, edible. In general, the bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys edulis offered for sale, which is therefore also the most economically important species of the genus originate.
The wood usually 7-10 cm wide blades of many species is used for the construction of furniture and houses. In some species the split wood can also be used for weaving baskets and other objects.
Many species of the genus are cultivated as ornamentals. Particularly important are Phyllostachys aurea, Phyllostachys bissetii, Phyllostachys nigra Phyllostachys reticulata and. Because of their numerous underground rhizomes they can, however, greatly spread and therefore require a rhizome. On the other hand, some species are even because planted for ground installation. Propagation is by rhizome fragments or by division.
System
The genus Phyllostachys was erected in 1843 by Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in treatises of Mathematics and Physics Classe Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 3 ( 3 ), pp. 745, Table 5, Figure 3. A homonym is Phyllostachys Torr., Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 3, 1836, p 404 A synonym for Phyllostachys sieve. & Zucc. is Sinoarundinaria Ohwi.
The genus Phyllostachys is divided into two sections:
- Section Heterocladae ZPWang & GHYe: With approximately eleven species.
- Section Phyllostachys: With about 40 species.
Depending on the view 51 or more species of the genus Phyllostachys be counted, occur almost all in China ( about 51 species):
- Phyllostachys acuta CDChu & CSChao: 4 to 7 m high, with green stems with a diameter of about 6 cm and edible sprouts. It is hardy to about -20 °.
- Phyllostachys angusta McClure: 4 to 6 m high and 4 cm thick, light green to yellowish stems, 15 × 2 cm, green leaves and edible sprouts. It is hardy to -22 °.
- Phyllostachys arcana McClure
- Phyllostachys atrovaginata C.S.Chao & H.Y.Chou
- Gold tube bamboo ( Phyllostachys aurea Rivière & C.Rivière )
- Phyllostachys aureosulcata McClure
- Bisset bamboo ( Phyllostachys bissetii McClure )
- Phyllostachys carnea G.H.Ye & Z.P.Wang
- Phyllostachys circumpilis C.Y.Yao & S.Y.Chen
- Phyllostachys dulcis McClure
- Moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ( Carrière ) J.Houz, Syn. Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex J.Houzeau, Phyllostachys heterocycla ( Carrière ) Mitford ): An up to 20 m high style that can form extensive forests in temperate East Asia. Because of its edible sprouts probably the most important species of the genus. There are some forms of culture with confusing trade names.
- Phyllostachys elegans McClure
- Phyllostachys fimbriligula T.H.Wen
- Phyllostachys flexuosa Rivière & C.Rivière: Medium High, slightly coherent, graceful bamboo. The flowering period was 1995. It is used as an ornamental plant.
- Phyllostachys glabrata S.Y.Chen & C.Y.Yao
- Phyllostachys glauca McClure: Phyllostachys glauca McClure var glauca
- Phyllostachys glauca var variabilis J.L.Lu
- Phyllostachys nigra var Henonis ( Mitford ) Stapf ex Rendle
- Phyllostachys nigra ( Lodd. ) Munro var nigra
- Phyllostachys sulphurea ( Carrière ) Rivière & C.Rivière var sulphurea
- Phyllostachys viridis var sulphurea R.A.Young
Cultural forms
There are many forms of culture, these are mostly read-out forms that are propagated vegetatively. You can be with different names in the trade.
Cultural forms (selection):
- Phyllostachys aureosulcata spectabilis var ( not a valid variety, but the trade name): High upright bamboo with golden yellow, sometimes red stalks with bright green notches hardy.
- Phyllostachys bambusoides var Castillonis inversa ( not a valid form, but the brand name and is one of Phyllostachys reticulata ): High bamboo stalks with green and yellowish sulcus.
- Phyllostachys bambusoides var Castillonis ( not a valid variety, but the brand name and is one of Phyllostachys reticulata ): High bamboo with bright golden yellow stems and glossy green sulcus.
- Phyllostachys humilis ( not a valid species or variety, but the trade name): Sometimes regarded as a variety of Phyllostachys nigra. Makes 4 to 5 m high, up to 2 cm thick green culms. The elongated green leaves form a dense foliage. It is hardy to about -26 ° C, making it one of the hardiest varieties.
- Phyllostachys vivax var Aureocaulis ( not a valid variety, but the trade name): ( magic bamboo) with golden stalks and less vigorously than the wild type.
- Phyllostachys vivax var huangwenzhu inversa ( not a valid variety, but the trade name)