Physical exercise
Training referred to a sports complex process of action - usually under the guidance and supervision of coaches - with the aim of scheduled and properly oriented action on the state athletic performance and the ability to best performance presentation in parole situations.
A process of action is as complex in this context referred to, which is aimed to achieve adequate effects on all performance-relevant characteristics of the athlete. Regularity is given when sub-goals, training content, training methods, training design and training organization ( Training of scientific in compliance findings and workout practical experience) are defined over a longer period of time in advance when the training implementation adhered to these requirements if the implementation is checked when the effect is checked by differentiating service checks, so if there is a control and regulation with regard to the aim pursued. Subject oriented means that all actions are carried out so that they lead straight to the target goal of a particular service or a particular power state. The goal of training is to be increased through exercise of the power condition of the athlete, or else be reduced ( detraining ). The training can be both self- trained ( as an athlete ) as well as someone to be trained ( as a coach ).
Objectives
In essence, one can classify the training goals under the following three aspects:
- Prevention of movement deficiency symptoms in persons who are in a job move too little, students, students, seniors, etc.;
- Rehabilitation after illness or injury;
- Improvement and maintenance of physical performance of amateur and professional athletes.
Top athletes also includes the scheduled reduction of the power to a lower level, such as end of the season (so-called Abtraining ), the tasks of training.
Types of training (selection)
- General Athletics - For example, in endurance sports to improve the overall agility and postural disorders
- Endurance Training - Allows the ability, performance at a high level for a long time to maintain by economization of metabolism, improve metabolism and the cardiovascular system variants: basic endurance training, endurance training, speed endurance training
- Hypertrophy - increasing the thickness of the muscle fibers and comes in bodybuilding used.
- Strength Training - Strengthens the muscle force, usually with weights and resistance machines, muscle training.
- Power training
- Agility training
- Sport Specific Technique Training - To improve coordination, see also fitness training.
- Differential Training - This motor errors are compensated
- Intermittent Training - combination of cardio and power training
Operation
The load ( training stimulus ) leads to disruption of the biochemical balance in the organism ( Homöostasestörung ). To be future loads of the same species better equipped, the body reacts with an adjustment of the results in a higher functional level. Example is the supercompensation of glycogen stores in the stressed muscle after endurance exercise.
To control the exercise properly, so to put sufficient stress stimuli for an adjustment, but not to overload the organism, the precise knowledge of the load of individual workouts and their sum is needed. The training load is determined by the so-called normative stress.
Periodization and cyclization of the training
In the periodization of athletic training are specific training sections (period cycles) that are repeated in their substantive form in the training year, divided into preparatory period, competition period and transition period. Preparation, competition and transition period are often divided into stages. By periodization kind of planning of power development in athletic training is possible.
In the cyclization of athletic training, this is divided into so-called macrocycles. The macrocycle (often with the duration of half a year ) is divided into several mesocycles and can be repeated in the content, form and course of loading. The mesocycle consists of several micro- cycles, has different roles ( eg improvement of specific performance ) for power development in the macro cycle and repeats with his duties in the training process. The micro- cycle is the shortest term training cycle, usually extending over periods of one week and repeated in the training process. This can also be done immediately after the first.