Pin (chess)

A restraining in chess is a relatively immobile figure (for example, a matte box ) is located in the line of action of an opposing line figure and its own king or an important field. This means that only the lady of the tower or the runner can captivate an opposing character. There are three types of bondage:

  • Real Bondage: The tethered figure may not move, otherwise the standing behind their king would in check.
  • Line bondage: The tethered piece can move or possibly beat the captivating figure only within the line of action of the opponent's piece.
  • Loggerhead bondage: While may draw the bound figure according to the rules, but which leads to the disadvantage (for example, Matt ).

Bondage are one of the most complicated basic elements of chess tactics, because to them at least three characters are always involved. An tethered character is limited in their mobility, which therefore often leads to a disadvantage. Bound figures are often an object of attack.

  • 2.1 From the Tournament Practice
  • 2.2 Further Examples

Schematic representations of

True bondage

In a real bondage the bound figure for Chess may not draw.

Here the black knight on c6 is tied up by the white bishop on b5. The Nc6 may not move.

White threatens the next train, the farmers d4 d5 to move to and conquer the Springer.

Black may reverse the captivation by either the runner is by d7 or the king takes from the line of action of the white runner, for example to d8. Even with Sb8 - d7 the bondage would be lifted, this would be a weak train since then would be lost because of a Springer Lb5xc6.

Line bondage

In a line tying the bound piece can move only within the line of action of opposing figure. The line of the enemy piece they can not leave, because otherwise it would expose the king to a check.

In this position, the black runner is b5 captivated by the white bishop a4. Nevertheless, he has to consider the possibility: He can move to c6 or d7 or beat the runner on a4. Other trains are not possible for the black bishop.

Loggerhead bondage

A fake bondage restricts the bound figure by the rules of the game not one, but a withdrawal of the bound figure usually leads to the disadvantage (eg loss of the underlying figure). In this case, the figure is not confined to a king, but at another point.

In the diagram, the black knight c6 is captivated by the white tower c1. Hesitations of Springer, the tower could hit the black queen.

Black can pick up the bondage, he is leaving by his lady of the c-file.

Black on course

In this position, the black queen is attacked by the white tower. Behind this is not a figure. Nevertheless, the lady b- line must not leave, because otherwise Rb8 checkmates. Therefore Black must give the lady for the tower and will probably lose.

In this position, the bondage is no good. Bound black knight moves chess bidding d3. After White loses the rook on c1 (see Section bondage ignore ).

Examples

From the Tournament Practice

In the left diagram the white bishop on b3 captures the black pawn on f7. Therefore, this farmer did not meet its coverage task of the farmer g6. The pawn on g6 is both attacked twice, once by the lady on g4 and - hidden - by the rook on d6, on the other hand he is covered only once, by the black queen (but not by the farmer on f7 ). In the game 22 Dxg6 Dxg6 followed 23 Txg6 SG7.

Now the black knight on g7 bound (right diagram ). After 24 Th1 g1 Black resigned because he loses the Springer.

Other examples

Interesting posts on the subject:

  • Manfred sugar, Der Tagesspiegel, September 30, 1990 and unleashing renewed bondage
  • Hans -Peter Rehm, Probleemblad 1959 avoid fettering
  • Emanuel Lasker, German chess week, 1890 The Lasker- maneuver, a final technique in a rook ending
  • Hermanis Matisons, Vienna latest news 1931 Violent unleashing and counter- bondage
  • Wolfgang Weber, Chess, 1959 accumulation of bondage in self- Matt
  • Willy Popp, Central Franconian Chess Federation, 1940/2 bondage

Cross bondage

In some cases you can also ward off a captivation by captivates captivating figure itself.

In the left diagram, the white tower is attacked and tied up on e3 of the black lady. This was followed by: 23.Tae1 (covers the impugned tower on e3) Sc3! now the tethered tower is attacked again, namely by the black rook on e5 24.Dg3 covers the tower again Txe3 25.Dxe3 Re8! This is a cross bondage. The White Lady is both the black lady tied up ( bondage line ) and by the black tower (non-genuine bondage, because the departure of the Lady of the White Tower e1 hangs).

Plaskett was the game on at this point. On 26.Dxb6 follows Txe1 27.Kf2 Te2 plus axb6. After 29.Lxc3 TXA2 Black has a winning position.

Unleashing

It is almost always advisable to have a restraining repeal as soon as possible, so that the bound figure moving again. This can be done as follows:

  • Attack or exchange of blows between captivating figure,
  • Lifting of Bondage reason (usually that is the departure of the behind the chained figure figure from the line of action is tied to an important field, such as a matte box, then by coverage of this field and the bondage reason omitted )
  • Intermediate points of another figure in the line of action. It then creates a half- bondage, which, however, does not guarantee the full mobility of both figures and after deduction of the two figures by the bondage of others can be a disadvantage again.

Example of variant of Chigorin Defence: 1 d2 -d4 d7 -d5 2 c4 c2 Sb8 - c6 3 4 e2 -e3 c4xd5 Dd8xd5 e7 - e5 5 Nb1 - c3 Bf8 - b4 ( bondage ) 6 Lc1 - d2 ( unleashing ) Lb4xc3 7 Ld2xc3 e5xd4 8 Sg1 - e2 ( maintenance of bondage ) Bc8 - g4 ( bondage ) 9 f2 -f3 ( unleashing )

Ignore bondage

In some cases, you can also ignore a fake bondage, namely if it is possible to set up counter-threats. An example of this is the Seekadettenmatt in the game Kermuy Sire de Legal -. St. Brie, Paris 1750 White ignores the bondage, sacrificing his queen and sets in return dull.

6th International Championship U8 Sebnitz 23 October, 2006

In the following example, a very similar motif occurs. Both players were more than eight years old. 1 e4 c5 2 d4 cxd4 3 c3 dxc3 4 Sxc3 Nc6 5 Bc4 Nf6 6 Nf3 d6 7 Be3 Bg4? 8 h3 Bh5 9 0-0 a6 10 De2 Ne5? (see diagram) 11 Sxe5 Lxe2? 12 Lxf7 matt

If the " to be protected " figure, a line figure ( as here the lady ), ignoring the bondage can also constitute a trigger attack, such as in Seekadettenmatt where the white lady attacks by deducting the Springers ( uncovered ) black bishop. Another example of a deduction Attack is the game Popiel - Marco (see chess psychology).

332671
de