Pinus resinosa

American Red pine ( Pinus resinosa )

The American Red pine ( Pinus resinosa ) is a plant of the family (Pinaceae ). It is native to northeastern North America. The U.S. state of Minnesota leads as the state tree.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and bark

The American Red Pine grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of growth of up to 37 meters and diameter at breast height of up to 1.5 meters. The straight stem ends in a narrow, rounded crown. The branches go straight or ascending from the trunk and its branches can reach diameters of up to 1 centimeter. The bright red-brown bark is divided by furrows and irregularly rectangular plates and scales. The orange -brown to reddish-brown bark of the branches becomes rougher with age and takes on a darker brown color.

Bud and needles

The red-brown, resinous buds are pointed - oval shaped with a length of about 2 centimeters. The edges of the bud scales are fringed. The straight or slightly twisted, dark yellow-green needles are 1 to 2.5 inches long and are borne in clusters at two each. Both at the needle top and at the bottom are narrow Stomatabänder. The edges are finely serrated needle and the needle tip is tapered. The needles are brittle and break off when bending it, where they leave behind a clean break.

Cones and seeds

The dark purple male cones are elliptical in shape with a size of around 1.5 inches. Female almost sessile pins ovoid shaped with a length of 3.5 to 6 centimeters. To maturity in the second year out they are light brown. After the pins have dismissed the seeds, they are broad ovoid shaped to almost spherical. The brown seeds are oval shaped with a length of 0.3 to 0.5 inches and have an up to 2 centimeters long wings.

Chromosome number

The chromosome number is 2n = 24

Occurrence and risk

The natural range of the American Red Pine is located in northeastern North America. In Canada, it extends from Manitoba to the west across Ontario, Quebec until after Prince Edward Iceland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the east. In the U.S., the distribution area of Minnesota extends to the east along the Great Lakes to the east coast, where it ranges from Maine in the north to New Jersey in the south. The southern limit of distribution in the interior is in Illinois and West Virginia.

The American Red pine grows at altitudes 200-1300 m on sandy soils. It grows mainly in boreal coniferous forests.

The American Red pine is " not endangered" than in the IUCN Red List. It is noted, however, that a re-examination of risk is necessary.

System

The first publication as Pinus resinosa was in 1789 by William Aiton in Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. London, Volume 3, page 367

Use

The American Red pine was formerly in the region around the Great Lakes is the most important tree species for timber production.

Swell

• Christopher J. Earle: Pinus resinosa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 28, 2012, accessed on 29 December 2012 ( English).
• John W. Thieret: Pinaceae. Pinus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Volume 2, Oxford University Press, New York et al 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7, Pinus resinosa ( this work is the same text online, and Pinus resinosa - Online).