Plat

The field map - also called real estate map or cadastral map - is a scale representation of all properties ( land parcels, land, in Switzerland the building) and, together with the estimation map the performing part of the real estate cadastre. She is holding her proof of location and boundaries official source map of the land register with its properties, and thus the basis for the assurance of ownership of land and equitable property tax assessment. The cadastral maps have since been superseded in Germany completely through the Automated Real Estate Map ( ALK ) and thus to be regarded as historical.

Historical Development

The cadastral map is a special case among the cards, since the special attention was paid to the presentation of the situation of ownership of land. Therefore, this form can not be placed in one and the same historical rail also, such as topographic maps or other maps.

The first signs of its existence, there were already 3000 BC in the form of a discovered old Babylonian fields plan. Furthermore, there is evidence from the 2nd century BC for cadastral plans in ancient China and 1700 BC in Egypt. From the modern era first serious surveying and mapping of land from the Duchy of Milan at the beginning of the 18th century are known. In France, began in 1790 with cadastral surveys and shortly thereafter, which are under the influence of Napoleon's German states were included.

Prussia

1807 /08 was later continued by Freiherr vom Stein by Hardenberg, the abolition of serfdom prevailed. It began to become known under the collective term separations agricultural policy disputes. For the implementation of the 1811 started meanness divisions required a map basis. This was created in relatively complex work by surveying according to the method limits are usually a triangular mesh was established, which could then be condensed with Bussolenzügen and identify and map the settlement limits. Result was an insular Brouillonkarte. The measurements were recorded both in this custom built Brouillonkarte, as well as with the recess associated limit registers. From the finished card two copies were made ​​, one was attached as so-called first net card the recess, the second net card went to the land registry office later. 1861, led the unification of the basic tax and education systems of land registration by law. Within a short time had to be created for the area of the six eastern provinces of Prussia a country-wide map series. This could not be done by re-measurement alone. Thus, existing maps were used and endorsed in the first place. This included separation, forestry, domain, or Gutskarten. Through this mixture of origin, the cards are qualitatively very different in quality, which in the course of ALK creation nor should cause great difficulties in adapting edge of the island maps later.

The sheet size of the newly produced cards was clean district 1000x666 mm, exceptionally, 500x666 mm. First, just a reference to the scale of 1:5000 dimensionally well-defined rectangular frame should be placed on the paper to identify a possibly occurring later default. Then a strip of white linen was sewn to the edge of the paper. Only then did the mapping and design of the card. The continuation, ie updating of by taking into account the resulting changes to the plots was done by first making of card statements - so-called supplemental maps (Supplement cards) - in the example, in a land division, the measurement results were einkartiert. Here only the affected section of the pure card was signed and the new frontier introduced together with the locally determined measure numbers. Lack copying process they also served as card statement for distribution. They were produced until the 1920s.

1881 was instructed to create by re-mapping second district clean cards ( Gemarkungsurkarten ), in which then the changes have been entered directly. No Longer borders, border characters and plot numbers were in red ink crossed / deleted, added new ones in red. These cards remained in service until 1936. Then the kingdom of cadastre was introduced and with it still common terms: from plots were parcels of map sheets corridors, the field mark is called district etc. The cards were signed for new sign regulations and renumbered the parcels. . In addition, the German base map was, with the cadastral map as a precursor developed. It involves a topographic map at a scale of 1:5000 as a chart portfolio with additional registered cadastral boundaries. However, this could only be made to ten percent of the area of ​​Germany until the war ended.

Southern Germany

In the kingdoms of Bavaria in 1801, started in Württemberg in 1818 nationwide survey, which formed the basis for the mapping of cadastral maps. There were also technical innovations such as the invention of lithography by Alois Senefelder, the new ways of producing the map bases allowed. The actual cadastral surveying began in Bavaria about 1808 at a scale of 1:5000, 1:2500 for the local documents. Baden began with the Cadastral 1812 Württemberg did so in 1820. The result in these three countries a framework map series.

GDR

The cards were initially performed, renewed in 1952 and again renumbered. After high drawing a copy on thick paper was manufactured. Thus, there was a mother pause for reproduction by Lichtpausverfahren and a clean map (Official Card ). Both were continued until the conversion to the Automated Property Map.

Different representations

The individual parcel maps are produced either in the leaf section of a frame map, or as an island map for a hallway. An island map recently held the sheet size of 1000 x 707 mm. It can supplement sheets, which give be a most greater part of the hall on a larger scale. In addition, you can often find special drawings or enlargements on a free part of the leaf or on a separate sheet. There situations are shown, which could not be mapped directly into the hallway because contradictions scale or technically. In places, it can also happen that a part of the corridor would stand out from the sheet. This was usually along parcel boundaries "cut off" and displayed on a free part of the leaf. The interface boundary were then provided to the cut and the main part with the word " connection ". The decisive factor for the choice of map scale are the local conditions and the average size of parcels that need to be shown, and not least the size of the corridor. The scale of 1:500 or 1:1000 in urban areas is often useful in the former Baden was selected 1:1500, in Württemberg was 1:2500 and occasionally in local documents also 1:1250, 1:5000 well as in Bavaria is to find. From the then Prussia derived scales from 1:500, 1:3000 to 1:4000 mostly.

The plat includes basically the representation of:

• Parcels with their boundaries and numbers
• Gemarkungs and municipal boundaries
• Buildings with their numbers and use
• Types of use of the soil
• The leaf frame with hall number, district name, scale and origin

Is handled differently from the representation:

• Boundary and survey points with their numbers
• Topographic information and embankments
• Hedges, fences and walls
• Partly also the owners of the parcels were previously registered

City base map

If supply and disposal facilities as well as additional topographical information in the map display the cadastral map included, this shall be known as the city base map. The representations of the city base map is exclusively municipal jurisdiction and are not mandatory task of the real estate cadastre.

Replacement of analogue by digital cadastral map data management

Since the 1990s up to the present time the cadastral maps was carried out in a digital form to the switchover. The result forms the Automated Real Estate Map ( ALK ) or the Digital cadastral map ( DFK ) for the state of Bavaria. It is scale -free, object-oriented and covers the area of an entire province. This card is the property sheet lines available and may be issued and printed in a simple manner at different scales. The continuation of work is thereby facilitated.