Pleural cavity
The pleura (from Greek πλευρά " edge", " rib " ), German pleura is a thin serous membrane, the
- The Pleurakuppeln, cupulae pleurae, the kopfwärtige each part of the lung dome,
- The pleura or costal part, the portion that covers the inside of the ribs,
- The pars mediastinal connective tissue of the mediastinum on chest and center
- The pars Diaphragmatic at the top of the diaphragm.
Construction
Pleura histologically consists of single- squamous epithelium, which is derived ontogenetically from the mesothelium, and a lamina propria and secretes serous fluid; the two sheets are separated by a thin, pressure-tight gap, the pleural cavity or glenoid pleuralis, each other, in the effusion or metastases can accumulate, and beat at the hilum of the lung and the pulmonary ligament to each other. Towards the feet, the diaphragm edges, and toward the middle of the chest, in the mediastinum, it has Reserveausbuchtungen ( recess ), to ensure the expansion of the lungs during breathing process.
The sensory nerve supply of the pleura take branches of the tenth cranial nerve, the vagus nerve and the phrenic nerve ( pars mediastinal and diaphragmatic ) and the intercostal nerves ( costal ). The pleura on the other hand probably has no sensation of pain.
The parietal pleura forms four deep wrinkles, which serve as a reserve rooms on deep inspiration:
- Costodiaphragmatic recess
- Recessus costomediastinal
- Recessus phrenicomediastinalis
- Vertebromediastinalis recess.
However, these are never completely filled.
Function
The pleura is a sliding displacement layer for the lung movements. It is an absolutely necessary, pull - mediating medium for breathing: by relative negative pressure in the capillary Pleurazwischenraum and adherence of the pleural membranes, the lungs must be followed by inhalation of the active expansion of the chest wall muscles and the diaphragm. The lung is the relative vacuum between two Pleurablättern removed ( such as by flowing air at stick injury ), it follows the expanding chest inhalation no longer, eventually leading to the collapse of the need of development of lung leads (pneumothorax ).
Examination of the pleura
- Anamnesis
- Auscultation (listen )
- Sonography (ultrasound)
- Radiographs of the thorax in two planes
- Computed tomography
- Thoracoscopy ( endoscopic assessment of Pleuraspalts )
- Biopsy for cytology
- Bacteriological examination
Diseases of the pleura
- Pleuritis ( pleurisy ), possibly with the development of pleural effusion or pleural empyema a
- Pleural tumors, such as pleural mesothelioma in asbestos workers
- Pleural: pleural ( drip ) metastasis of tumors, especially breast cancer
- Paltauf - spots are postmortem evidence of death by drowning
- Serosa