Poblacion

As poblaciones (Spanish for population), the slums in the cities of Chile are called.

Classification

A distinction poblaciones Callampas caused by the silent occupation of worthless land, about to sewers or under highway bridges and tomas de terrenos (country names ). It occupies a larger organized group coordinates a piece of land on the outskirts of the city.

Extent

Various studies now believe that in Greater Santiago about 33% to 41 % of the population lives in poblaciones. It is important that not all live Pobladores in poverty, but certainly accommodate individual streets, the lower middle class.

History

The history of the tomas de terreno began in Chile on October 30, 1957, when 1200 families due to the miserable housing situation a piece of land on the (then) southern outskirts of Santiago de Chile occupied and the población La Victoria ( German: Victory ) founded. In the following 15 years saw a number of other large land occupations. Initially there are such settlements from primitive dwellings ( campamento ), should also be reinforced with time infrastructure mainly through contributions made by the Pobladores. However, it often takes decades to even primitive utilities arise. The development is also within the poblaciones not homogeneous: So to this day, individual parts of the older, more developed poblaciones campamentos Papphütten with and without paved roads, whose inhabitants are not integrated into the población.

Legalization

From the 60s and especially under Salvador Allende until 1973, many of these campamentos were legalized and also got connected to the municipal infrastructure. During this time, the government also managed Operaciones sitios, parcels of land with the main infrastructure that were made low so that the Pobladores itself could build houses there legally.

During the dictatorship

After the coup of 1973 and the massive reduction of social benefits, the Pobladores organized in a first phase, mainly to ensure the basic needs. For example, were created common soup kitchens. Increasingly, they were alongside the student to the supporting force of the protests against the regime: Between 1983 and 1986, the objectives of Pobladores changed. All the while, the Pinochet dictatorship was extremely repressive action against the Pobladores. Many were arrested, tortured and murdered (about the Vergara brothers Toledo ) and in La Victoria even the air force was used.

Social housing

Social housing in the European sense (not just the mere provision of land ) began on a wider scale only under the democratic government Aylwin from 1990.