Podostemaceae

Rhyncholacis penicillata

The Podostemaceae are a plant family in the order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ) within the angiosperms ( Magnoliopsida ). The kormusartige form, often with sharply formed plant parts is an adaptation to their location on stones in streams. Many species in habit to remember liverworts and can be clearly identified plants for the laity in the flower as Bedecktsamige.

Description

There are annual or perennial herbaceous plants. It is the most species-rich flowering plant family with only submerged living, so submersed aquatic plants that thrive ( Magnoliopsida ) mostly in fast-flowing river sections and even waterfalls. The most flattened, thalloiden or filamentary roots anchor the plants to rocks or wood. The two lines arranged on the stems or leaves are scattered scale-like, with a flat leaf base and smooth or divided leaf edge.

The solitary flowers may be enveloped by a bract spathaähnlichen. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry or zygomorphic. The two to five bracts are free to grow together more or less. There are one to four stamens available with free or partially fused stamens. Two to three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries containing many ovules in central placentation. There are two or three free pen available.

Are formed septizidale capsule fruit with many seeds. The tiny seeds have no endosperm.

Systematics and distribution

The family as a whole has a pantropical distribution, but many of the species and even genera are native only to engumgrenzten areas.

The Podostemaceae family in 1816 by Louis Claude Marie Richard Karl Sigismund Kunth in Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, 4th Edition, 1, pp. 246, first published under the name " Podostemeae " and another release from him was in Aphor. Bot, 125, 19, 1822. Podostemum type genus is Michx .. are synonyms for Podostemaceae Rich. ex Kunth are: Marathraceae Dum, Philocrenaceae Bong, Tristichaceae Willis.. .

The Podostemaceae family is divided into three subfamilies with a total of 48 to 52 genera and about 270 species, many (41%) genera are monotypic ( distribution of genera and species numbers as of 2007):

  • Weddellinoideae Engl: it contains only one genus: Weddellina Tul. Contains only one type: Weddellina squamulosa Tul. It is distributed from northern to central South America.
  • Indotristicha P.Royen: The only two types Indotristicha ramosissima ( P.Wight ) P.Royen and Indotristicha tirunelveliana Sharma, Karthikeyan & Shetty occur only in southern India.
  • Dalzellia R.Wight ( Syn: Lawia Griffith ex Tulasne nom illeg, Tulasnea R.Wight nom illeg, Terniola Tulasne Mnianthus Walpers. .. . ): The least four species are in South Asia and Southeast Asia spread.
  • Indodalzellia: This 2009 newly established genus contains only one species: Indodalzellia gracilis ( CJMathew, Hunter Zürn & Nileena ) Koi & M.Kato: It grows only in the southern areas of the Western Ghats in the Indian state of Kerala in the districts of Idukki, Malappuram, Kottayam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta and Kasaragode.
  • Angolaea Wedd.
  • Apinagia Tul. With about 50 species.
  • Blandowia Willd.
  • Butumia G.Taylor
  • Castelnavia Tul. & Wedd.
  • Ceratolacis ( Tul. ) Wedd.
  • Cipoia Philbrick et al.
  • Cladopus H.Möller: With four species in Asia.
  • Diamantina A.Novelo et al.
  • Dicraeanthus Engl
  • Diplobryum C.Cusset
  • Djinga C.Cusset
  • Endocaulos C.Cusset
  • Farmeria Willis ex Trimen
  • Hanseniella C.Cusset
  • Hydrobryum Endl. ( Syn: Euhydrobryum Koidzumi, Hydroanzia Koidzumi, Synstylis C.Cusset, Polypleurella Engl per parte): With four species in Asia.
  • Jenmaniella Engl
  • Leather Manni Ella Engl
  • Leiothylax hot.
  • Letestuella G.Taylor
  • Lonchostephus Tul.
  • Lophogyne Tul.
  • Macarenia P.Royen
  • Macropodiella Engl
  • Maferria C.Cusset
  • Marathrum Humb. & Bonpl. With about 25 species.
  • Monostylis Tul.
  • Mourera Aubl.
  • Oserya Tul. & Wedd.
  • Paleodicraeia C.Cusset
  • Podostemum Michx.
  • Polypleurum ( Tul. ) hot.
  • Rhyncholacis Tul. The approximately 26 species, perhaps less, species are found in northern South America.
  • Saxicolella Engl ( Syn: Pohliella Engl, Aulea C.Cusset ex Lebrun & Stork nom illeg. . ): The five species are distributed in tropical West Africa from Angola to Nigeria.
  • Sphaerothylax Bisch. ex C.Krauss ( Anastrophea Weddell ): The two or perhaps more species are widespread in Madagascar and northern tropical and southern Africa.
  • Stonesia G.Taylor: The approximately four species occur in a relatively small region in Guinea and Sierra Leone in tropical West Africa.
  • Thawatchaia M.Kato, Koi & Y.Kita: it was in M. Kato, Koi & Y. Kita: Acta Phytotax. Geobot, 55, 2004, p 66 set up and contains only one type. : Thawatchaia trilobata M.Kato, Koi & Y.Kita: It occurs only in northern Thailand.
  • Torrenticola queenslandica ( Domin ) Dominguez ex Steenis: It occurs in south-eastern New Guinea (Port Moresby region) and in Queensland.
  • Tulasneantha monadelpha ( Bongard ) P.Royen: It occurs only in the western Brazil.
  • Vanroyenella plumosa Novelo & Philbrick: It occurs only in the Mexican states of Jalisco and Oaxaca.
  • Winkler Ella dichotoma MANUAL: This Lokalendemit thrives only on the Sanaga waterfalls in Edea, Cameroon. The habitat is less than 1 km ².
  • Zehnderia microgyna C.Cusset: This Lokalendemit thrives only on the Sanaga waterfalls in Edea, Cameroon. The habitat is less than 200 m².

Swell

  • The Podostemaceae in APWebsite family. ( Section systematics)
  • Family Description DELTA. ( Description section )
  • R. Rutishauser, E. Pfeifer, V. Grob & A. Bernhard, 2007: PODOSTEMACEAE OF AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR: KEYS TO GENERA AND SPECIES, INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS GENERA, ILLUSTRATIONS TO ALL SPECIES KNOWN, SYNONYMS, AND LITERATURE LIST. Version 20-07-2007. ( Section systematics)
  • Qiu Huaxing & C. Thomas Philbrick: Podostemaceae, p 190 text Registered as printed work, in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27- X ( section description)
  • Search for " Podostemaceae " in the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN ( section systematics)
  • Helen I.Aston: entry in the Flora of Australia Online.
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