Poligny (Jura)
Poligny is a commune in the French department of Jura in the Franche-Comté region and capital of the canton in the Arrondissement Poligny Lons -le- Saunier.
Situated at the Jurafuß small town with late medieval center is a center of viticulture and dairy processing.
Geography
Poligny is located at 327 m above sea level. M., about 21 km north- northeast of the town of Lons -le- Saunier (air line). The small town is located on the western edge of the Jura Mountains, on the edge of the Plain of Dole, at the lower entrance to the valley of Vaux ( Culée de Vaux ), which is cut into the western part of the plateau Caledonia (first Jura plateau ). Is dominated Poligny of two distinctive rock outcroppings at the edge of the plateau, the Croix du Dan ( iron cross) in the south and the Roche du Penitent in the east.
The area of 50.22 km ² municipal area includes a section on the western edge of the French Jura. The area is divided into two by a narrow strip of interconnected parts, which are also influenced natural environments very different. The western part of the municipality with the town Poligny lies in the plane of Dole. It is drained by the Orain and his side stream Grantine by a wide Talniederung west to the Doubs. To the west is the forest area of the Forêt de Vaivre. In the area of Poligny the community on the ground usually relatively gently sloping vineyards up to the top of the steep, wooded slope that is characterized by different local limestone ranges. Also, the lower portion of the Culée de Vaux is one of Poligny.
With a narrow strip of the community area on the Bois de Buvilly (up to 615 m above sea level. M. ) is connected to the larger eastern part. This section is taken from the high plateau area of Caledonia, the average at 580 m above sea level. M. lies. It includes the Forêt de Poligny a large contiguous forest area. With 626 m above sea level. M. is achieved the highest elevation of Poligny here. The plateau has no above-ground rivers, because the rainwater seeps into the karst underground.
To Poligny include the district Mouthier -le- Vieillard (315 m above sea level. M. ) southwest of the town situated at the foot of the Jura plateau as well as some individual farms. Neighboring communities of Poligny are Tour Mont, Grozon, Buvilly, Pupillin and Arbois in the north, Molain and Besain in the east, Picarreau, Le Fied, Barretaine, Chaussenans, Chamole, Vaux- sur- Poligny and Miéry in the south and Saint- Lothain in the West.
History
The area around Poligny was settled very early. It belonged to the Celtic tribe of the Sequani. From this time, however, only a few stray finds are known, including mainly bronze objects. An important testimony of the Gallo-Roman times was discovered in the 18th century with the mosaics of Les Chambrettes du Roi. The mosaics belonged to a Roman estate, which was Poligny. It also traces of a Roman road traffic were found.
Is first mentioned Poligny in 870 under the name Polemniacum, as the inheritance Lothar II was under Charles the Bald and Louis the German divided. The town then went to the German Ludwig. The name goes back to the Gallo-Roman personal name Polemnius and means something like estate of Polemnius.
From the early 11th century Poligny belonged to the territory of the Free County of Burgundy under Otto William, Count of Burgundy, and his successors. About the house of Chalon place in 1295 was the first time for some time to France. In the 13th century Poligny received city rights. In the early 14th century, the city fell to the Counts of Burgundy. Under Louis XI. were in 1481, the city and mounted above preferred Château de Grimont. Heavy fought was Poligny 1637 and 1638 between France and the Franche -Comté. In June 1638 defeated Duke Charles of Lorraine, who commanded the Spanish troops, the French army under Duke Longueville. The Grimont castle was demolished in 1643. Together with the Franche -Comté came Poligny with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678 definitively to France.
Attractions
To date, Poligny has retained its character as a late medieval town with old houses and different churches, chapels and monasteries former. With the construction of the Gothic Collegiate Saint -Hippolyte was started in 1415. It has a richly sculpted portal and a remarkable interior with numerous statues from the 15th and 16th centuries, significant gold work. The former Jacobin monastery was founded in 1271. It now houses a school, and the 13th-century Gothic church with a Renaissance portal Jacobins heard Coopérative Viticole de Poligny, while the cloister was demolished in the 1950s. The Ursuline Convent, founded in the early 17th century was abolished in the wake of the French Revolution and the Church at the beginning of the 19th century also demolished. Preserved are the cloister and the convent building, which today serve partly as studios, partly as a residential building. In the year 1415 also Clare nuns was founded. The chapel was destroyed in 1793 and rebuilt in 1938 's ( including a statue of Christ in the Byzantine style ) equipped with various works from the old monastery church. Two other chapels date from the 16th to the 18th century respectively. Outside of the former city walls stands the church of Mouthier -le- Vieillard. It was built on the site of an early Christian chapel probably in the 11th century in the Romanesque style and has a bell tower from the 12th century. The church houses a rich interior, including many important statues from the time of construction, a painted wooden statue of Christ (14th century) and an altarpiece ( 1534) of alabaster.
The old town core shows numerous houses from the 16th and 19th centuries, provided at the Grande -Rue partly with Renaissance portals. The squares are decorated by late medieval fountain ( Fontaine aux Morts, Fontaine aux Poissons, Fontaine de la Place des Déportés ). Among the testimonies of the medieval fortifications include the Tour de la Sergenterie ( 1457 built ), the Tour de Paradis and various remains of walls from the 15th century. Also preserved are the ruins of the medieval castle Grimont ( 12th century). The Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) dates from the 17th century and was rebuilt in the 19th century. One of the great, partly palatial buildings from the 18th century with courtyards and stairways include Hôtel de Lisa, Hôtel de Beaufremont and Hôtel d' Astorg. The established in the 17th century Hospital with wood paneling is a faience collection of the old pharmacy.
Poligny has two museums: the Musée Municipal is a natural history collection and archaeological finds from the vicinity, while the Musée du Comté cheese production brings the visitor closer.
Population
With 4209 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2011) Poligny belongs to the medium-sized towns in the Jura. Since time immemorial Poligny was an important trading town on the Jurafuß and had approximately 5000 inhabitants. The previous high was reached the mid-30s of the 19th century, with about 6500 inhabitants. After that, the importance of Poligny took off because it benefited only little from industrialization and the industry to Lons -le- Saunier and Dole concentrated. This is reflected in a slow but steady population decline in the second half of the 19th century, during the First World War still reinforced. By the end of the 1960s, the population fluctuated in the range of 3500-4000 people. This was followed by a steady growth. Since 1990, however, a decline in population is recorded again.
Economy
Poligny was always an embossed by trade, wine growing and processing of agricultural products from the surrounding towns. Even today, play trade and processing of agricultural products play an important role. Poligny is located in the wine region Côtes du Jura and has numerous wine shops. Larger vineyards are located on the sunny slopes at the foot of the Jura plateau to the north and northeast of the city. An important sector is the dairy industry, in particular the production of Comté. There are five cheese deposits in Poligny; the city is home to the École Nationale d'Industrie et des Biotechnologies Laitière ( Enilbio ). Numerous other companies of small and medium size combine mechanical workshops, the machine tool industry, the transport industry, the production of glasses and various trading companies and enterprises of retail trade up. Larger commercial and industrial zones are located in the wide valley west of the city and near the train station.
Traffic
The city is easily accessible via. It forms a road junction on the main road N5, which runs from Geneva via Champagnole to Dole. With the N83 an important road connection from Besançon along the Jurafuß Lons -le- Saunier runs. The nearest links to the A39 motorway is located at a distance of around 10 km. Poligny has a station on the railway line, which serves the route of Lons -le- Saunier via mouchard to Besançon.