Polizeiwissenschaft

Police Science ( historically: Policeywissenschaft ) was about the first third of the 18th century to the mid 19th century the doctrine of the inner order of the community. Today, the concept of police science emerged in a completely new context as a scientific discipline or via the police organization.

Historical Science

The historical Policeywissenschaft represented a collective term that mainly included materials of today's constitutional law, administrative science and the early economics, in which they also decomposed in the end of the century. Also, some areas of political science see its origin in the Policeywissenschaft. The police science overlapped with the simultaneous use of the term Kameralwissenschaften, was once a university material firmly into the training of civil servants. The so-called kingdom of journalism of the 17th century can be regarded as a forerunner of scientific Policeywissenschaft.

The first lessons chairs of " Cameralia Oeconomica " and " Policeywissenschaft " 1727 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I in Halle ( Saale) and Frankfurt (Oder ) was established.

The term is from the past more than now in the 21st century tense term for " police " ( " policey " ) is derived. Examples of these are now obsolete terminology are " building inspectors " (today: Building ), " Trade Police " (labor inspectors ), "Market Police " and " immigration police ."

Currently, the term experienced a revival as the name of a science of police in the narrow institutional sense. He is used both as a generic term ( "Police Science ") for all disciplines that are relevant in the field of police tasks (eg, law, criminology, criminology, sociology, psychology, political science, criminal biology ), as well as a description of a (still to be developed ) independent science of the police and their actions.

2007 has published a comprehensive report on the history and definitions of Police Science, a working group of CEPOL ( European Police College: Perspectives of Police Science in Europe.

The modern police science

Since the 1990s, the police organization is increasingly seen from an economic point of view. Police research has now been advocated to improve the efficiency, the operating environment, but also the public image; a critical police science moved into the background. As a result, found massive substantive, structural and personnel changes take place in police education and training, which led to a greater professionalisation again.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the establishment of a police science and the development of the police research is increasingly gaining acceptance among police and Science: In 2006, the German Police University ( DHPol ) was founded. 2007 has released a comprehensive report on Police Science, a working group of the European Police College CEPOL.

The goal of a modern police science is the interdisciplinary scientific foundation and professionalization of police work. It is not about a mere juxtaposition, but a cooperation of various scientific fields ( law, social science, criminology, business administration, etc.).

The police used this science methods of empirical and theoretical research police and evaluates current German and international literature from. The scientific evidence on the police to be merged into an integrated (basic ) knowledge and examines the backgrounds, contexts and structures.

Police science is interested in not only for the police as an institution, but also for other areas that are relevant to internal security. The research object of police science therefore includes:

• The police as an institution with its organizational and personal characteristics
• Police work as social control with a view of legality, effectiveness and efficiency, as well as abuse of the exercise of power
• The roles and relationships of other institutions and services that contribute to internal security
• The transnational connections and international influences on internal security

Police science in education and studies

Master's program in Criminology and Police Science

At the Ruhr - University Bochum master's degree program is offered Criminology and Police Science from the Department of Criminology, Criminal Policy and Police Science since 2005. The course includes both discussion of basic problem areas, theoretical approaches and developments in criminology and police science, and the transfer of results reflected in respective practice areas. On the other hand, elements and aspects of an independent police science are discussed and developed.

Master's program in Public Administration - Police Management

Since 2006, by the German Police University ( DHPol ) of the Master's program Public Administration - offered police management. With graduation rise police officials in the higher service of the police. Under the Act on the German Police University ( DHPolG ) is one of the tasks of the university " police science through research, teaching, studying and training to maintain and develop ." Reaction takes this statutory provision, among other things by the Subject " General Police Science ", in the research of university teachers is channeled directly. However, a more in-depth and interdisciplinary reflection on the causes of crime and police activity does not take place in the course.

Training at the police colleges

The police colleges of the country train for the higher service of the police. Your task is to operate in addition to teaching and research and to combine theory and practice. This is done by the research findings will be integrated into the teaching of police core courses ( use doctrine, traffic theory, criminology, management science ). The focus is on teaching practical Nutzwissens. Accordingly, hardly a critical reflection of the police action takes place.

Institutionalizing

Police science is institutionalized by free associations of scientists and research institutions of the state and federal levels.

There are three major free associations of (police) scientists: 1 The project group " empirical police research " to conduct social science research projects, 2 of the Working Group on Internal Security ( AKIS ) for longer-term networking of various research initiatives, third, the working group Empirical police research on research in cooperation with members of the police organization.

Among the research institutions of the state and federal levels include: a) Criminological Research Institutes (including the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony and the Centre for Criminology in Wiesbaden ), b) the German Police University, and c ) Research Institute of Police colleges (eg the Research Centre Culture and Security, the Department of police and Security or the ' Institute of Police Science and Criminal Justice ).