Polonaise

The Polonaise ( from the French: danse polonaise " Polish Dance ", as Italian and Polish: Polacca as referred Polonez ), according to Duden also Polonaise, is originally a corporative dance of the Polish nobility ( szlachta ). It is a solemn paced dance in 3/4-time, who won in this form after 1700. The Auftanz is a popular simplification of the Polonaise.

History

Danced in the 16th century in 4/4-time of the Polish dignitaries as a tribute to Poland, it spread by Henry III. first in France and then throughout Europe.

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote highly stylized Polonaises (eg in the French Suites and the Orchestral Suite No. 2 in B Minor ), while those of Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Franz Liszt and Frederic Chopin ( including the Polonaise in F sharp minor ) bring to bear the initial exhilaration and dignity.

The Polish- Lithuanian Count Michael Cleophas Oginski and diplomat wrote in 1794, after he had to leave because of political turmoil, his Polonaise in A Minor Farewell to the Fatherland his estate Zalesie in Vilnius. This piece is a part of wistful romance of farewell, on the other hand dominated in its central part of national pride.

Use

The Polonaises by Frédéric Chopin may belong to the most well-known in classical music. Furthermore, were Polonaises by Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Michał Kleofas Ogiński, Franz Schubert, Vincenzo Bellini, Carl Maria von Weber, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Moritz Moszkowski, Friedrich tree fields, Mauro Giuliani, Modest Mussorgsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Alexander Scriabin wrote.

As a modern composer Edward Alexander MacDowell applies.

Today, the Polonaise is often danced as an introduction of balls. The most common use case -find piece of music is the " Fächerpolonaise " by Carl Michael Ziehrer. It is usually the first dance at the studniówka, one held 100 days before the Polish High School event, which is similar to the German prom. After waltz and quadrille she is one of the most popular dances at weddings.

The Polonaise, which has also been given a mood song ( " Polonaise Blankenese " by Werner Böhm alias Gottlieb Wryneck ), is also an integral part of Carnival events. The national anthem of Finland and the Estonian national anthem (both have the same melody ) are written in polonaise rhythm.