Populus deltoides
Canadian black poplar (Populus deltoides)
The Canadian black poplar (Populus deltoides), and American black poplar or cottonwood rosary called, is a deciduous tree of the Section of black poplar ( Aigeiros ), which is native to the northern and eastern parts of North America. It is among the highest and most rapidly growing trees east of the Rocky Mountains. Due to the abundant formed, the cotton seeds resembling wool it is known in English as the Eastern Cottonwood. After naturalization in Europe was created by hybridization with the European black poplar (Populus nigra) the forestry important bastard black poplar (Populus × canadensis).
Description
The Canadian black poplar is a 30 meters, maximum up to 58 meters high deciduous tree with a full trunk and broad, open crown. It is similar to the European black poplar (Populus nigra ), but the bark is first yellowish green, and the bark is ash-gray. The shoots are generally bare and more or less terete, only the long shoots are ribbed edges. The buds are resinous, long, pointed, brown in color and balsamic fragrance. The leaves are triangular to broadly ovate, 8-12 cm long and acuminate, base truncate to slightly cordate. At the base of the petiole there are two or three glands. The ciliated on both sides of leaf margin is roughly crenate sawn with inwardly curved tips, only leaf base and leaf tip are entire. The upper leaf surface is glossy dark green, the underside a little brighter, both sides are bare. The reddish tinted petiole is 3-10 inches long. The Canadian black poplar is dioecious and wind-pollinated, like all poplars and forms hanging catkins. The male catkins are 7-10 inches long, the individual flowers have 40 to 60 stamens. The bracts are slashed farnförmig. The female flowers have three to four pen. The fruits are 15 to 20 inches long catkins. Because of the abundant seed wool formed, it is known in English as the Eastern Cottonwood.
Distribution and habitat requirements
The distribution of Canadian black poplar extends to the north of South Quebec over southern Ontario west to south Alberta, south to Texas, Northwest Florida and Georgia, west to the Rocky Mountains. In Europe, the species was naturalized.
The Canadian black poplar grows in floodplains and riparian woodland on moderately dry, fresh to moist, slightly acidic to alkaline soils of sand, gravel and crushed stones. It is heat- loving and prefers sunny locations, but is frost hardy. It is a kind of Hardiness Zone 6a, so bear average annual minimum temperatures from -23 to -21 ° C.
Ecology
THe Canadian black poplar grows in pure stands or in association with various species of willow ( Salix species ), especially with the American black willow ( Salix nigra) and other deciduous trees such as oaks (Quercus ) and hickory ( Carya ).
System
There are three subspecies:
- Populus deltoides subsp. deltoides
- Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (syn.: P. deltoides var occidentalis)
- Populus deltoides subsp. wislizeni
Use
→ Main article: poplar
The Canadian black poplar is the most economically important wood poplar species in North America. It was rarely used until the turn of the century, after the fall of the tulip tree stocks ( Liriodendron ), she won as a substitute increasing interest. It is sometimes cultivated in Central Europe, but are hybrids with the European black poplar ( bastard black poplar ) significantly more often.