Porsche 911

Porsche 911 Carrera S (type 991 )

The Porsche 911, just as " nine-eleven ", or named only "penalty " is the most famous sports car from Porsche and is considered the epitome of this brand.

He was introduced at the IAA in Frankfurt am Main as the successor of the Porsche 356 on 12 September 1963 with the name Porsche 901. Three-digit numbers with a zero in the middle, however, were protected for Peugeot as a type designation, so the car in 1964 came on the market as a Porsche 911.

The car is a typical 2 2- seater with two seats and two auxiliary seats. It is powered by a six - cylinder boxer engine at the rear of the car. This type of rear engine also had classic cars like the VW Beetle or Porsche 356 The Porsche 911 usually has a rear-wheel drive ( Carrera ); since 1989 all-wheel drive ( Carrera 4 ) are offered. Top model is equipped with a turbo engine 911 turbo since 1974. Since 1995, the 911 GT2, a weight-optimized and upgraded version of the 911 Turbo was also produced in a small series.

Body variants of the Porsche 911 are the Coupé, the Cabriolet and the Targa. In the years 1989 to 1993 and 2010, an additional designated as Speedster Roadster -like variant was produced in small series. This name goes back to the notice published in the September 1954 version of the Porsche 356 with a flat windscreen, plug slices in the doors, bucket seats and fully retractable roof.

The Porsche 911 and its offshoots such as the Porsche 934 and 935 models have been successfully used in the past as a racing car in the World Sportscar Championship and the German Racing Championship. Today, cars are mainly 911 - base -make championships such as the Carrera Cup in use.

• 6.1 history
• 6.2 Current 6.2.1 Porsche Carrera Cup
• 6.2.2 Porsche Supercup
• 6.2.3 Porsche Sports Cup
• 6.2.4 race versions for cross-brand racing series

Genesis

The late 1950s, Porsche began to develop a successor to the 356, since it was produced virtually unchanged since 1950 and no longer met the prior period. Above all, the four- cylinder boxer engine was by design no longer covered costs to develop and produce. He was with two liters at the end of its displacement and power development.

The new model should be the aged 356 superior in all areas, without abandoning the basic shape of a typical Porsche. As leader of the Porsche car body construction department initially Erwin Komenda was commissioned to develop the design of the Porsche 901. At the same time also developed Ferdinand Alexander Porsche ( Ferdinand junior, called " Butzi " ), the son of the company founder Ferry Porsche, a model of the new car, which he had to abide by the few rules, including no longer wheelbase than 2.20 m, engine and rear wheel drive. In this case both influenced designers with their designs. Ultimately, the design of Ferdinand Jr. was awarded the contract because it was best suited to the character of a Porsche automobile, and the relationship to the 356 was instantly recognizable.

The new car was about 15 inches longer than the 356, but also about six inches narrower, had larger windows, which helped to improved visibility, and a larger trunk. The design of the interior was revised and adapted to the taste of the 1960s. Besides modern technology with front damper struts and wishbones instead of the crank arm axle and a rear semi-trailing arm suspension in place of the pendulum axis of the drive was the most important change that the 901 or 911 offered. The engine was a 2 -liter six -cylinder boxer with overhead camshafts instead of a four- cylinder, the valves (except in the 356 Carrera ) operated an underlying camshaft via pushrods and rocker arms. The new engine produced 96 kW (130 hp) at 6100 rpm. The fuel consumption was in the first Porsche sales brochures with 11-14 liters on 100 km. The sound of the air-cooled engine with dry sump lubrication was already the distinctive sound of the 911 Responsible for the development of the Porsche engine was the former Porsche engine boss Hans Mezger, among other things, the Porsche 917 and the TAG McLaren engine designed later, with the the English team three times in succession won the formula 1 world Championship.

Model development

The Porsche 911 has been continually developed over the course of his fifty-year history.

Porsche 911 " master model " ( 1963-1973 )

The built in series from September 1964 first 911 version was presented at the IAA 1963 so-called original model with a 130 hp payable 2- liter six- cylinder boxer engine. Unlike the based in the body and chassis still on the VW Beetle, Porsche 356, the 911, a self-supporting body and suspension with wishbones and damper struts in front and semi-trailing arms had rear. Also new was the rack and pinion steering with safety steering column twice angled.

With the 130 - hp petrol engine, the car was produced for two years, until the summer of 1966 ( model year 1967) the displacement same, but stronger 911 S was come. The highly compressed engine developed in this sportier version 118 kW (160 hp) and was better equipped than the entry-level model. Outwardly, he was at the striking alloy wheels from Fuchs, to recognize the " Fuchs rims ".

To attract customers, where a 911 was too expensive, was introduced with the final cessation of production of the 356 in 1965, the Porsche 912, a simple 911 equipped with 90 -horsepower four-cylinder boxer engine.

The 911 - the "basic model " with 130 hp engine got in model year 1968, the designation 911 L (luxury ); the same was as a comparatively effective entry vehicle, the 911 T ( Touring) with 110- hp six- cylinder boxer engine and four-speed transmission (otherwise 5-speed ) available. The 911 L carbureted engine was replaced from model year 1969 by the 911 E with 140 hp power and mechanical port injection, which was also used in the S now 170 hp 911. In addition to engine output, the models T, L and E and S also differed in the equipment.

In 1969, the engine capacity of the engines has been increased from 2 liters to 2.2 liters, two years later to 2.4 liters. The performance of the engines rose accordingly, so that the 2.4-liter 911 S maximum of 140 kW made ​​(190 hp). With the performance and fuel consumption rose to 17.0 liters per 100 km. With 230 km / h top speed, the 911 S was the fastest German production car in 1972.

The 911 Coupe was supplemented from model year 1967 by the " Targa ". The latter was a so-called security convertible with wide roll cage, could be where the roof and originally also a residual canopy with rear window ("soft window" called ) removed. Was first introduced to the 911 Targa ( Italian for " shield " ) in 1965 at the IAA in Frankfurt am Main. The name is derived from the Targa Florio, a long distance race in Sicily, the Porsche from 1956 to 1965 won five times.

In October 1972, a special sports version of the 911 was unveiled at the Mondial de l'Automobile in Paris. The Porsche Carrera RS 2.7, as previous racing models named after the Carrera Panamericana was planned as a small series of originally 500 vehicles to gain admission as a race car. The enlarged to a capacity of 2.7 liter Boxer engine delivers 154 kW (210 hp) at 6300/min.

For weight reduction, the Carrera RS et al a front cover made of thin sheet metal and an engine cover made ​​of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Also rear seats, passenger sun visor, door armrests, storage boxes and the timer missing - - By eliminating carpeting and insulating the otherwise spartan car is equipped with 975 kg very easily. In order not to scare off potential buyers, Porsche offered as an extra to the facilities of S 911. After the unexpected success selling the first edition has been expanded to more than 1000 vehicles, so ultimately 1590 car ( 1308 RS- Touring, 217 RS- Sport, 55 RSR 2.8 Group 4 and 10 prototypes) left the factory. The cars were very successful in racing, and are still at historic racing events very popular. The characteristic aerodynamic design of the engine cover brought the Carrera RS 2.7 nicknamed " duck tail " one.

Porsche 911 "G- Model " ( 1973-1989 )

For the 1974 model year, the 911 was completely revised. ( Beginning with the model year 1968, the A- series, was every year until 1979 (M- series, letter I was not awarded) with a continuous letters of the alphabet called. The vintage 1980 had the designation A- program). Although, strictly speaking, only the vehicles of model year 1974 form the " G" Series, general all 911 of the vintages are designated 1974-1989 as the " G-Series " and " G " model.

The most striking exterior was the massive front bumper that pass through black plastic bellows into the body. This " Faltenbalgstoßstangen " were necessary to meet new regulations from the U.S. NHTSA. This demanded that a front- or rear-end collision with a fixed obstacle up to a speed of 5 mph (8 km / h) has no body damage. To meet this requirement, the bumpers were connected via hydraulic impact absorber to the vehicle body in car for the U.S. market. The impact absorbers were replaced by more favorable impact tubes for models that were not intended for export to the U.S.. These had to be replaced after parking accidents, which was not necessary with the resetting impact dampers. The impact damper could be ordered as an extra.

The car was only available in the versions 911, 911 S and the new top model 911 Carrera on the market. Even with the less powerful variants of the cubic capacity of the still air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine was enlarged to 2.7 liters. The 911 made ​​110 kW ( 150 hp), the 911 S 128 kW (175 hp) and the Carrera 154 kW (210 hp). This was fitted with the engine from the RS and was in a similar number of items produced (Coupe: 1534 copies, Targa: 610 copies). As with its predecessor, the body of the new Carrera to accommodate the larger tires was widened at the rear fenders by a total of 42 mm. Where the licensing requirements would permit, he was also equipped with a front spoiler lip and a distinctive patch on the hood rear spoiler. The new Carrera had with 1075 kg, the same weight as the 911 RS touring and therefore offered identical performance.

For the model year 1976 the engine capacity of the 911 Carrera was increased to 3 liters. At a speed of 6000 rpm the engine produced in this version 147 kW ( 200 hp ), ie slightly less than the previous model Carrera 2.7 RS. The base engine with 110 kW ( 150 hp) was no longer offered. The weakest available engine was the 2.7 -liter engine of the previous year -911 S, whose power was now given without technical change with 121 kW (165 hp). The available for both models on request semi-automatic " Sportomatic " had only three gears. Integral body parts were hot-dip galvanized on both sides and Porsche could therefore offer a long-term guarantee of six years against rust perforation.

Since the Porsche model range already included the 924 and 928, the 911 program has been streamlined from model year 1978: The Carrera accounted for - there was the 911 only as SC and Turbo. The SC 911 had the wide body of the Carrera and a three-liter engine with 132 kW ( 180 hp ) with mechanical K -Jetronic. The car has been surpassed in power and top speed of the Porsche 928, which was to replace the 911 in the 1980s, according to the ideas of the Porsche management.

In model year 1980, the performance of the SC to 138 kW was (188 hp ) is raised and increased in the following model year 1981 changeover from normal to super petrol 150 kW ( 204 hp) on. The semi-automatic " Sportomatic " was omitted. The long-term guarantee against rust perforation of the bodywork could be extended with the use of both sides of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets to seven years.

The plans of management before looked to have the leak 911 in 1981. The future model range should consist only of the modern, water-cooled front-engine 924, 944 and 928. After separation of the CEO Ernst Fuhrmann by Peter W. Schutz at the end of 1980 the schedule was changed. As a signal for the realignment of 1981 Porsche presented at the IAA in Frankfurt, the study of a 911 convertible with turbo engine and all-wheel drive. From model year 1983, the convertible was offered as a third body variant except for the SC coupe and Targa.

For model year 1984, the designation of SC Carrera was amended and increased the displacement of the naturally aspirated engine to 3.2 liters, made ​​of 170 kW (231 hp). In place of the mechanical K -Jetronic fully electronic engine control " Motronic " occurred ( Digital Motor Electronics, DME ) from Bosch. By the DME fuel consumption reduced compared to the SC predecessor. As a result of stricter emission regulations in the United States for the first time was also offered a catalyst for the 911. This came with a catalytic converter had a lower performance than the cars without catalytic They first was 152 kW ( 207 hp), but this was raised from 1986 to 160 kW ( 217 hp ). At the request of Carrera came with a front spoiler lip and a large, flat rear spoiler. The spoiler improved the specified factory top speed of 245 km / h for the version without catalytic converter with 170 kW of auto, motor und sport measured 254 km / h

In 1989, the G- model was sold in limited small series as purist roadster similar version called Speedster, mainly due to their shortened windshield frame and two humps on the top flap differed visually from the 911 Cabriolet. Porsche Carrera offered also with the wide fenders and the braking system of the 911 Turbo. Due to the slightly higher air resistance were the so-called " turbo wide " Carrera at the same engine power slightly slower than the standard version.

These models and vehicles from special series, such as the limited edition Ferry Porsche, are considered to be popular collector's items and are only rarely found in traffic.

After the 1973 BMW 2002 turbo built Porsche presented as the second manufacturer in the following year, a turbocharger in a production car one. With the turbocharged Porsche had scored 917 /10 and 917/30 great success in the early 1970s on racing cars like the Porsche and gained experience that went into series production. Developed under the internal number 930 new Porsche 911 Turbo was presented at the 1974 Paris Motor Show. The "Turbo" was the first production sports car with exhaust turbocharger and pressure control.

The car with 3 liter capacity initially brought it to an output of 191 kW ( 260 hp). The performance was brought (300 PS) for model year 1978 through a higher compression ratio, increasing the displacement to 3.3 liters and the use of an intercooler, which required a larger rear wing, to 220 kW. The fuel consumption of turbo engines is significantly higher than those of a 911 without turbo at about 20 liters per 100 kilometers. Typical features of the 911 Turbo are the front and rear greatly widened fenders and the large rear spoiler with a spoiler lip again bulkier rubber.

Porsche 964 (1988-1994)

1989 Porsche trod with the 964, a new marketing strategy after in the years before all Porsche models (356, 911, 914, 924, 928, 944, etc.) were run under the internal development number; except the 930, which is sold as a 911 Turbo. A sharp decline in sales in the late 1980s - especially for the models 944 and 928 - and a resulting severe crisis were the reason, the " classic" 911 not to give up and offer the 964 as a new Porsche 911.

The 964 was compared to the previous model, a completely new vehicle, comprising 80 percent of new parts. However, the body design remained virtually unchanged except for the bumpers. The interior and the vehicle tools have been revised very carefully and still remembered very to the predecessor. The most noticeable revision was in the art. The car had a standard anti-lock brakes (ABS), power steering and from 1991 also as standard airbags, which were not available in previous models. The chassis has been completely redesigned and received, among other things, coil springs instead of torsion bar suspension. The still air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine of the 964 has a displacement of 3.6 liters and delivers 184 kW (250 hp).

The car was available in two versions with rear ( Carrera 2 ) or four-wheel drive ( Carrera 4). Both versions could be ordered optionally available as a coupe, Targa or Cabriolet. 1993 in the last year of production of the type 964, the car was produced as a Speedster in a small series of 930 copies, these vehicles were available at rock bottom prices from 131,500 DM at the time.

As the top model of a turbo with the 3.3 -liter engine from the Porsche 930 was offered from the 1991 model year, the 235 kW made ​​(320 PS) in this revised version. The car was criticized because its performance is not so much the 964 took off, as was the case with the previous model 930 than the 911. After two years of production he was replaced by model year 1993 through the turbo 3.6, the engine on which the 964- Saugmotormodelle with 3.6 liter displacement and based a power of 265 kW (360 hp ) unfolded.

The fuel consumption of all 964 models was compared with the previous models, further optimized so that it is about 18.0 liters of premium petrol per 100 km is located at Carrera at 14.0 liters and the turbo 3.6.

In addition to the large series vehicles built on the platform of the 964 other cars in small series, such as The Carrera RS or Turbo S, which were specially developed for drivers with sporting ambitions.

Porsche 993 (1993-1998)

The Porsche 993 replaced the Porsche 964 in 1993. He is the last 911 with an air-cooled engine, which is why he has a special appeal for some purist fans of Porsche sports cars.

The 993 has been improved in many details that were new to the 964 and still led to problems. This gave the 993 a reputation as a particularly mature and reliable sports car among the 911 models.

The body is a much-praised design of Harm Lagaay, which is particularly noticeable by the harmonious integration of the bumpers into the body. The rear fenders do not act exaggerated despite their width, so that the vehicle emits a harmonious overall picture. The front end is flat, unlike the previous models, which, instead of round headlights used previously, was made possible by the use of new polyellipsoid headlights. We sold the car in the body Coupé, Targa and Cabriolet.

The engine fitted with hydraulic tappets of 993 achieved from a displacement of 3.6 liters, a power output of 200 kW ( 272 hp ), from model year 1996 are on the same engine 210 kW ( 285 hp ), partly because of the improved intake system. The average fuel consumption has not increased despite the increase in performance and is included with this model at about 11.5 litres/100 km (Super Plus, 98 octane ). A six-speed gearbox was now standard on both models with naturally aspirated as well as the turbo.

Like the 964 the 993 with rear ( Carrera ) or four-wheel drive ( Carrera 4 ) was offered. 1996 Porsche recalled the tradition to denote greater and higher quality vehicles with an additional S. Even with these vehicles, the customer between the rear ( Carrera S) or all-wheel drive ( Carrera 4S) could choose. The engine corresponded with 210 kW ( 285 hp ) the standard Carrera models. However, the car had four inches wider body of the Turbo and the Carrera 4S also its stronger brakes.

Traditionally, the most powerful 911 model of a series is equipped with a turbo engine. In the 993 Turbo makes 300 kW ( 408 hp ) and exceeds the first time as a production model since the Porsche 959, the 400 - hp mark. The average fuel consumption remains moderate for turbocharged engines at about 13.2 l/100 km. Equipped is the engine with two turbochargers (Bi- Turbo ) together with charge air coolers. Arranged under the fixed rear wing that stands outside the turbo from the other 993ern, this completely obscure the view of the engine.

For customers who want to make their Porsche more on the track than on public roads, Porsche brought out the models Carrera RS and 911 GT2. Both vehicles are lighter than the standard models and have a higher relative engine performance. The Carrera RS has an engine with 3.8 liter displacement and 221 kW ( 300 hp) naturally aspirated, while the GT2 as the turbo is supplied with two turbochargers.

Porsche 996 (1997-2006)

With the 996 1997 the era of air-cooled engines in the Porsche 911 ended From this model, Porsche a water-cooled engine to the rear of the car. The cylinder number remained at six, and the principle of the Boxer engine was retained.

The engine with a displacement of 3.4 liters made ​​220 ​​kW ( 300 hp) at 6800 rpm. With the 2002 model year, the engine power was increased to 235 kW ( 320 hp) and the engine displacement to 3.6 liters.

Despite heavily revised styling especially in the front and rear exterior of the 996 still shows the distinctive characteristics of the 911 Overall, the 996 is larger than the previous models and further optimized aerodynamic.

To reduce production costs, in the 996 - development, many parts of the Porsche Boxster was accepted. Apparently that was in the headlights - often called because of their shape " fried eggs Lights " - which meant that the front view of was to distinguish 911 from the Boxster hardly. The customer criticism prompted Porsche, except for some technical changes to replace the 2002 model year, especially the headlights with redesigned so that again was provided with its own 911 - style.

In developing the 996 everyday practicality and comfort were in the foreground. The car is therefore necessary to compare its kind of more with a Gran Turismo as the Porsche 928 as a Spartan sports car, like its predecessors, it was still.

The interior, especially the dashboard with the instruments and the center console has been redesigned and shows no similarity with the more from the 911, 964 and 993

Was sold as the 996 Coupe, Targa and Cabriolet with rear - or all-wheel drive. There were also other than the standard Carrera 4S models, the version that stood out externally. This model has the wide body and the braking system of the turbo and all-wheel drive. Only the lack of fixed rear spoiler and the non-existent air intakes in the rear fender distinguished the two models. Based on the previous models, the rear of the Carrera 4S had again the continuous light band, which was omitted in the other 996 vehicles.

The Turbo based on the 996 was offered until three years after the first Carrera model. The engine of this car will produce 309 kW (420 hp) and 331 kW (450 hp) in the stronger S version. The car has standard all-wheel drive and a wider body than the Carrera models and could be ordered as a coupe or convertible. The rear wing is down less than the predecessor turbos and no longer dominates the whole rear.

At 996, the fuel economy is moving at an average of 11.1 liters ( Carrera ) and 13.3 liters ( Turbo) per 100 km.

Porsche developed for racing enthusiastic customers based on the GT Motorsport Sport variants of the 996th This GT models had more power than the standard models, and were optimized for sport use.

The Porsche 911 GT3 had a six-cylinder Boxersaugmotor initially with 265 kW (360 hp). From model year 2002 the engine had an output of the GT3 280 kW ( 381 hp). From the engine performance of the GT3 by Porsche 911 GT2 has been exceeded. The GT2 had a six-cylinder boxer engine with turbocharging in the tail, by model year 340 kW ( 462 hp ) and 355 kW later made ​​( 483 hp).

All GT models could be ordered with an optional Clubsport package and had no electronic driving aids, as they were in the high-volume models as standard.

Porsche 997 (from 2004)

With the 997 series, the vehicle design was again leaning more to the Porsche 993 to the 911 to highlight the traditional features stronger, missing some customers in type 996. Especially the front end with the round headlights reminiscent of the classic Porsche 911

Technically changed compared to the previous 996 little. The engine was still a water-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine.

However, the structure of the model range and this where the Porsche Boxster and the Porsche Cayenne has been modified adjusted. The names determining element is primarily since the engine performance. More powerful models have the name suffix S or GTS. In addition, the cabriolet body shape (additional convertible ) and the all-wheel Engine (4 additional ) determine the further additions to the model name.

The Porsche 911 Carrera was offered in two power versions, as Carrera and Carrera S. The 3.6 - liter engine of the Carrera makes a maximum of 239 kW ( 325 hp) and the 3.8- liter engine of the Carrera S provides a maximum power of 261 kW ( 355 hp). Both models were available in coupe and convertible body styles, and could be ordered with rear - or all-wheel drive.

As of November 2006, the series was supplemented by the 997 Targa 4 and Targa 4S models that were delivered exclusively with all-wheel drive. Visual differences for the 997 Carrera found in particular in the large panoramic glass roof and in silhouette, which was marked by the cusped rear side windows and the two-sided, anodized and polished aluminum trim. The engine of the Carrera Targa 4 made ​​as 239 kW ( 325 hp) and the Targa 4S was the more powerful engine of the Carrera S with 261 kW ( 355 hp ) produced.

In model year 2009, the model has undergone a facelift. In addition to optical retouching, as modified air intakes and redesigned LED taillights and LED daytime running lights, there were major technical changes. So the engines of the Carrera and Carrera S were converted to direct injection. Thus, the performance of the Carrera rose to 254 kW ( 345 hp ) and the Carrera S to 283 kW ( 385 hp). Similarly, the Targa 4 and Targa 4S have been refurbished and truly cleaned and supplied with the more powerful engines. In the same model year, the Carrera S was associated with a 16 kW ( 23 hp ) to 300 kW ( 408 hp ) increased engine power available.

In the same year, the Carrera GTS was introduced in the model range by Porsche. This had produced both as a coupe or a convertible car the uprated boxer engine from the Carrera S, which carried at a speed of 300 7300/min kW ( 408 hp). With the standard six -speed manual transmission the car reached a top speed of 306 km / h The vehicle filled the performance gap between the Carrera S and the GT3. Most conspicuous was the opposite the Carrera S is 44 mm wider body at the rear axle. The GTS could be ordered with rear - or all-wheel drive.

The interior has been extensively revised again at 997 compared to the previous series, because this has been criticized by many customers. In the design, Porsche -oriented here also to the 993 case specifically the speedometer instruments and switches in the center console have been changed. As a novelty, an instrument cluster with 4.6 inch TFT color screen has been designed that can display data from the onboard computer, navigation and audio system and warnings.

The top model of large-scale models remained the all-wheel drive 911 Turbo. The built- in 3.6 - liter twin-turbo engine delivered 353 kW (480 hp). This turbo had to be the first built in series production vehicle with a gasoline engine from a German manufacturer, adjustable vanes on the exhaust turbine of the two turbochargers. This ensured in the lower rpm range for more responsive and better passage. This accelerated the 997 Turbo in 3.8 seconds to 100 km / h The top speed was 310 km / h

After the model revision 2009, the engine displacement was increased to 3.8 liters, whereby the engine performance of 368 kW turbos to increase (500 hp). Moreover, the Turbo S was introduced, the 3.8- liter engine, 390 kW ( 530 PS ) carried out. Both the Turbo and the Turbo S could be ordered as a coupe or convertible. Compared to the Carrera models, the Turbo has a wider body at the front and rear axle. Furthermore, the front and rear panel are pulled down lower on the street level and contain larger vents. Laterally in front of the rear axle on both sides of air intakes that clearly distinguishes the Turbo with the side view of the 911 with naturally aspirated engines. Traditionally, on the hood, a large rear spoiler mounted which enters the 997 Turbo at 120 km / h again and at 60 km / h.

In all 997 models, the fuel consumption compared to the comparable 996 models could be reduced despite the increase in power. This is an average of 10.3 liters ( Carrera ) and 11.6 liters ( Turbo) per 100 km.

In addition to the large-scale models, several small series have been manufactured specifically for racing use. They differed as was the case in 996 vehicles with six-cylinder Boxersaugmotor (Porsche 911 GT3 ) and vehicles with six-cylinder boxer engine with turbocharging (Porsche 911 GT2). Both models have a rear wheel drive. Visually, this model series are distinguished by the large rear wing and wide body with large openings for brake and engine cooling from the standard models. The interior is spartan and purely designed for sport use. Instead of the standard sports seats cup sports seats are included. In the rear, there are no seats. In all models, a safety cage was installed.

The 911 GT3 was introduced in March 2006 at the Geneva Motor Show. This is stronger compared with its direct predecessor 996 to 25 kW ( 34 hp ) and thus makes 305 kW ( 415 hp) from a displacement of 3.6 liters. According to the revised model, the engine performance of the GT3 increased to 320 kW ( 435 hp ) with a simultaneous increase in displacement to 3.8 liters on. Later, the GT3 through the GT3 RS and GT3 RS 4.0 has been replaced, the power to 331 kW ( 450 hp ) or 386 kW increase (500 hp). In this case, the displacement remained unchanged on the GT3 RS. In the GT3 RS 4.0, the displacement was increased to 4 liters. This Porsche developed for the first time a naturally aspirated engine with a power that was previously achieved only by use of a turbocharger. Acceleration from standstill to 100 km / h in 3.9 seconds this race car.

Launched in 2007, the 997 GT2 series was also produced later than 2010 GT2 RS with a larger engine performance. The first model made ​​390 kW ( 530 hp) and the new model made ​​456 kW ( 620 hp) with a displacement of 3.6 liters unchanged. The GT2 RS was produced in a quantity of 500 copies limited.

In addition, several special models of the 997 were produced. On the 911 Sport Classic style some elements, such as were the rear spoiler of the 911 Carrera RS from 1973 picked up. From this special model a total of only 250 pieces were produced. On the 911 Speedster, the body with the typical shortened windshield frame and two cusps was delivered on the top flap. The car was limited to 356 pieces.

Porsche 991 (from 2011)

The Porsche 991 is the total of seventh generation of the Porsche 911 since its conception in 1963. The official world premiere of the sports car took place at the 64th IAA in Frankfurt. The 991 was initially offered only as a coupe in two different model versions, the 911 Carrera with 257 kW (350 hp) and a 911 Carrera S with 294 kW (400 hp). In the two models, a six -cylinder boxer engine with 3.4 liter displacement on the Carrera and 3.8 liters in the Carrera S is 911 typically installed in the rear of the vehicle. Acceleration from zero to 100 km / h with a manual gearbox, the 911 Carrera requires 4.8 seconds and the more powerful S- model 4.5 seconds.

Since the beginning of 2012, the sports car is available with the same engine performance as the two coupe versions of the Carrera and Carrera S in two convertible versions. Since July 2012, all-wheel drive Carrera 4 and Carrera 4S are available in addition to the rear-wheel drive sports car. Visually, these models can be distinguished by a 44 mm wider body and a continuous between the two taillights narrow red taillight strip of the rear wheel drive cars. As engines are still the 257 kW and 294 kW six-cylinder engines.

The two most powerful vehicles are the 911 Turbo with 383 kW ( 520 hp ) and the 911 Turbo S with 412 kW ( 560 hp). Both all-wheel drive cars have a six-cylinder boxer engine with bi- turbocharging. As with the predecessors belong to both turbo models wider fenders and a large rear wing, which is moved out in two stages in order to produce a high pressure for stable handling on the rear axle at high speeds.

2013 received the turbo models for the first time a multi-adjustable three-piece front spoiler from a kind of hard rubber, automatically extend the outer parts at a speed of 120 km / hr. By pressing the button, the driver can also move the middle part down to increase the output over the entire car in conjunction with the rear spoiler. Below 80 km / h, the system returns to its initial position.

In addition, a special edition on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the 911 was launched this year; the type name on the rear is additionally provided with a red-colored 50.

For private use Porsche Motorsport offers the 911 GT3. The car has a six-cylinder Boxersaugmotor, the ( 475 hp) maximum of 350 kW at 8250/min. The rear-wheel drive car is lighter than the standard models, and such as front and equipped with aerodynamic aids fixed rear spoiler. As an innovation, the GT3 is not equipped compared to the previous models with a manual transmission, but with a seven-speed dual clutch transmission in which the driver can select gears manually by pressing shift paddles on the steering wheel or back and forth pressing the selector lever. In the classical automatic mode switching mode controls gear selection.

Tabular representation of the development of the 911

Numbers

The Porsche 911 was ever series produced from 1963 to 2009 in the following quantities.

1Beinhaltet only the vehicles produced by 2005 to 2009.

Vehicle developments based on the 911

One of the best known developments based on the 911 is the Porsche 959, which was introduced in 1983 at the IAA in Frankfurt Group B study.

In the early 1980s Porsche was planning among his many racetrack victories in rally racing successes retract. For this, the vehicle development constructed on the basis of 911 To the homologation for Group B to achieve a completely new vehicle, called 959, had to be built at least 200 road-going vehicles. The construction of the 959 incorporated many technological innovations for its time and was considered a benchmark in the automotive industry. The first road vehicles were delivered in April 1987, some was not a mass production due to the technical complexity possible.

Was driven the 959 from a six-cylinder boxer engine with 2.85 - liter engine, which reached by means of two turbochargers and intercooler an output of 331 kW (450 hp). The vehicle had a four-wheel drive, which the road conditions adapted itself independently. The brake system was equipped with an antilock brake system.

The 959 won 1986 the Paris-Dakar Rally, after the vehicles had in the previous year to retire the rally.

Motorsport

Even before the 911 had cars from Porsche 's reputation for being particularly athletic. The 906 was established in the early 1960s on the race tracks around the world, including at the Nürburgring- Nordschleife and at the Targa Florio, with numerous race wins by racing cars such as the Porsche 904 and the Porsche.

One goal of the Motorsports Porsche was to incorporate in the development of racing cars gained experience and knowledge in the production cars. This knowledge has been applied in the development of the Porsche 911. Thus, the overall design of the 911 was likely to be used without major changes in the race.

This tradition, a close link between road vehicles and pure racing cars on the basis of entering into 911, is unbroken in the 50- year history of the Porsche 911. Overall, the 911 with its racing versions of the most successful racing cars ever built. This was maybe 1964 not possibly have foreseen when the journalist Reinhard Seiffert wrote in Issue 8 of the magazine Auto, Motor und Sport: " There is no question: the new sports car, which is produced in Zuffenhausen from the end of August, is one of the most interesting cars in the world. It is intended solely as a tourer, not for Gran Turismo Sport. "

History

His racing debut was the Porsche 911 in the Monte Carlo Rally in 1965, where he finished fifth and won the GT class standings. Dangers he was by Herbert Linge and the later Porsche racing director Peter Falk. This first 911 race car drove later successfully in the World Rally Championship.

The legendary Porsche 911 Carrera RS 2.7 was a development specifically for GT championships and was with a curb weight of only about 960 kg (with the "Sport " version ) very easily. This car won in its first racing season already three international and seven national championships. As Carrera RSR he won the 24 - hour race at Daytona in 1973 against sovereign in terms of performance superior prototypes of the competition, such as Ferrari.

1976, Porsche Porsche 935, a development based on the 911 Turbo, in the endurance race in the World Championship for a. This 440 kW ( 600 hp) racing car drove with the famous racing driver Jacky Ickx and Jochen Mass in his first race at Mugello the overall win out. The 935 was developed over the years and won for Porsche in 1976 and 1977, the long-range brand world championship in the then applicable Group 5 of the FIA.

In 1984, Porsche again a 911 in a rally one. In the Paris-Dakar Rally, a modified especially for this competition Porsche 911 Carrera 4 × 4 launched (Type 953 ), successfully. As a special feature a four-wheel drive was installed in a 911 for the first time.

With the Porsche 959 the work followed up on the success of the 911 Carrera 4 × 4 The 959, the Porsche 911 development significantly influenced as a technology later, won the 1986, this rally in a special racing version.

Current

Already in the 1980s, Porsche withdrew as a factory team racing competitions and gave private racing teams, only the vehicles.

Through various rule changes the FIA ​​lost the GT racing, which was the primary activity for Porsche, more and more interest and was reinforced by the media spectacle of Formula 1 displaced. As a replacement called Porsche brand trophy called into life, where customers Teams to racing versions of the Porsche 911 GT3.

Since the 2000s, the GT Motorsport experiencing a renaissance and enjoys again larger audience popularity. Porsche therefore developed racing versions of the Porsche 911 GT3 for use in multi-brand racing series.

Porsche Carrera Cup

The Porsche Carrera Cup will be played in different countries as a national brand cups. As the first national brand trophy for racing versions of the Porsche 911 was launched in 1990, the Porsche Carrera Cup Germany. By the time established themselves in other countries offshoot of the Porsche Carrera Cup. 2012 Porsche Carrera Cup eight different world were held, including in addition to the one-make cup from Germany, but also from France, Great Britain, Scandinavia, Italy, Japan, Asia and Australia.

Are used racing car 911 GT3 Cup, which are available to all racing teams in identical equipment. The 997 GT3 Cup Model Year 2012 is based on the standard model 997 GT3 RS. He has reached a largely production-based 3.8-liter six-cylinder boxer engine developing 331 kW (450 hp) and a maximum speed of 8500 rpm. The power is transmitted via a six-speed sequential manual gearbox. The curb weight of the vehicle is 1200 kg.

Porsche Supercup

The Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup exists since 1993 and is the international superstructure of the Porsche brand trophy series. The Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup takes place in the framework program of the FIA Formula 1 World Championship on the respective Formula 1 racetracks.

In Supercup new models are usually introduced one year earlier than in the Carrera Cup. Otherwise, the car used in the Supercup with those in the Carrera Cups are largely identical. The 997 GT3 Cup Model 2012 differs in execution for the Supercup of the design for the Carrera Cup series with a modified exhaust system and the Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake PCCB.

Porsche Sports Cup

The Porsche Sports Cup Germany is discharged as customer racing series since 2005. He is supposed to represent the link between amateur sport and make cups for professional racers. At the races, participants will compete in different series and classes, since both street-legal as well as upgraded for racing Porsche may be involved.

Racing versions for cross-brand racing series

In addition to the race cars of the type 911 GT3 Cup for use in Porsche one-make cups of Porsche 911 GT3 is also developing other race versions for cross-brand racing series. These are adapted to the regulations of the FIA ​​GT classes or the ACO and coming in the race series are used, which are operated in accordance with these Regulations.

On the Regulations of the FIA GT2 group and later the ACO Group LMGTE the Porsche 911 GT3 RSR was born. It forms the spearhead of the Porsche customer racing program. The 997 GT3 RSR of model year 2012 is based on the standard model 997 GT3 RS. He has a 4 -liter six-cylinder boxer engine which delivers a predetermined by the regulations air restrictor 338 kW ( 460 hp). The power is transmitted via a six-speed sequential manual transmission, which is operated via shift paddles on the steering wheel. The race car is intended for use in the 24- hour race at Le Mans, the FIA ​​World Endurance Championship, the European Le Mans Series, the American Le Mans Series and the International GT Open. The purchase price is 498,000 Euro plus VAT.

With the advent of the FIA ​​GT3 Porsche group also developed race cars according to these regulations. The first was the 997 GT3 Cup S, which was later replaced by the 997 GT3 R. These models are ranked in the Porsche customer racing program between the 997 GT3 RSR and the 997 GT3 Cup. The 997 GT3 R model year 2012 is based on the standard model 997 GT3 RS. The car has a curb weight of 1200 kg, and has a 4 -liter six-cylinder boxer engine that delivers 368 kW (500 hp). The power is transmitted via a six-speed sequential manual transmission, which is operated via shift paddles on the steering wheel. The race car is, among other things in the FIA ​​GT1 World Championship, the FIA ​​GT3 European Championship, the Blancpain Endurance Series, the ADAC GT Masters or the VLN Endurance Championship Nürburgring used. The purchase price is 304,500 Euro plus VAT.

Moreover, since 2010, the 997 GT3 R Hybrid, Porsche's first racing car exists with hybrid drive. It has a 342 kW ( 465 hp) four -liter six- cylinder boxer engine. Two 75 kW ( 102 hp ) electric motors drive in addition to the front axle. The vehicle is used as a technology platform exclusively at the factory and is not available for purchase.