Porsche 996

The Porsche 996 is a 2 2- seater sports cars of Porsche AG, which was produced from 1997 to 2006 in Zuffenhausen. The vehicle is the successor of the Porsche 993 and the fifth generation of the 911 series.

Following the previously introduced in the year 1997 Porsche Boxster left with the 996 finally the concept more than fifty years used air cooling: He is the first model of the 911 series with a water-cooled engine.

In addition to this technical feature, Porsche has taken with this model also from a stylistic point of view a change, comes both in body form as well as in interior design advantage. The designer of the Porsche 996 was Harm Lagaay.

  • 5.1 anniversary model " Millennium Edition"
  • 5.2 anniversary model " 40 years 911"

Model development

The Porsche 996 took over from the model year 1998 (W program) * the Porsche 993 from. With him began in the 911 - series to a new era. The sports car produced up to this point all had an air-cooled six-cylinder boxer engine. From 996 the car in the rear still have built a six-cylinder boxer engine, but these have now on a water cooling system. This became necessary after the development step to meet the internally set standards in terms of engine performance over fuel economy and emissions regulations. Above all, the four-valve technology with dual overhead camshafts ( DOHC) was not possible with air cooling.

Unlike its predecessors, the 996 body is no longer the driving characteristics based on the original design by Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, from the year 1963. The body was 19 cm long and 9.5 cm broad, comfortable. Therefore, consider some Porsche fans, the vehicles from the series 996 no more than "real" 911 Nevertheless, the range is 996 to date the best-selling series of all time 911.

The model range includes as its predecessor, the 993 three body styles coupe (closed), Targa ( semi-open) and Cabriolet (open). Coupe and convertible were available as either Carrera or Turbo model. The 996 Targa was produced only as a Carrera.

The performance of the offered six-cylinder boxer engines ranges from 221 kW ( 300 hp) to 254 kW ( 345 hp ) in the Saugmotorversion and of 309 kW ( 420 hp) to 355 kW ( 483 hp) engines with turbocharging.

The power conversion is accomplished with either a six-speed manual or a Tiptronic automatic transmission called. When Carrera is available as an alternative to the rear-wheel drive models with the Carrera 4 and Carrera 4S all-wheel drive versions. The Turbo comes standard with all-wheel drive.

* Each model years of the Porsche 911 is referred to internally with a letter. The counting began in mid- 1967 with the model year 1968 as the A- series and ended with the 1979 model; M Series ( Letter I was not awarded). The models from 1980 are referred to as program: Model Year ( mj ) 1980 A program to Mj. 2000, the Y program. The letters I, O, U and Q were not used. The Mj. 2001 is the one program that Mj. In 2002, the 2 program u.s.w. From model year 2010 (A ) program, the alphabet is used again ..

Body

With the new design of the 996, Porsche away from the classic 911 shape. Firstly, the car was longer and wider than its predecessor, so it looks more like a comfortable Gran Turismo than a Spartan sports car. Conspicuous are the flat integrated into the fenders headlights on this model, often referred to based on the appearance as a mirror eggs lights. These were taken for reasons of cost from the Porsche Boxster. The lighting design, and especially the " likelihood of confusion " with the Boxster brought a new 911 lot of criticism. From 2002 headlights were fitted with a modified design and let the 996 appear independent in relation to the Boxster.

Likewise, the loss of the continuous light band was complaining at the stern, which was therefore introduced at least as type feature again at the model 4S. In this model, there was a body side ajar to the 996 Turbo variant: It had its widened body, front, rear bumper and side skirts and a slightly lowered suspension with larger brakes. In contrast to the turbo but the Carrera 4S renounced its fixed rear wing and the air vents in the rear fenders. The fuel consumption was also due to the lower drag coefficient of 0.30 ( 993: 0.34 ) to be reduced. Handy: Furthermore, the 996 by the smaller turning circle ( four-wheel drive ) of 10.6 m ( 11.74 m 993 ) is.

The 996 GT3 differs externally from the "ordinary" 996 He had an independent front apron, side skirts modified and a fixed rear wing.

The 996 Targa has a glass roof system, the central part of electrically driving under the rear window and darken as needed with a blind left - basically like an oversized glass sunroof. The line of the rear side windows also differs slightly from the other 996 variants.

The body was kept straight and in particular on the fenders and the doors. The typical transition from the front fender on the entry doors to the rear fender is missing from the Porsche 996

Thus, the Porsche 996 already underlined by the appearance that it was a question of a new vehicle concept.

Exterior paint

Besides Unilacken there were a number of different metallic finishes.

Uni:

Metallic:

Metallicperleffect:

Metallic spot color:

The 911 special edition "40 Years 911" was offered exclusively in color GT Silver Metallic. The special " Millennium Edition" could be acquired only in the color violettchromaflairmetallic.

Motor

The six-cylinder boxer engines are similar to those of the Boxster series and have the air-cooled engines in the 911 -Previous models only the number of cylinders in common. The dry sump lubrication system previously used with external oil tank became an "integrated" dry sump lubrication with oil reservoir in the engine ( Turbo, GT2 and GT3: external oil tank) and a pressure pump and three return pumps ( bilge pumps ): one for each cylinder head plus a have dry-sump Turbo and GT2. seven return pumps: the cylinder head 2 pieces, one per turbocharger, a dry- sump the separate oil cooler still used in the current model Porsche 993 in the bow accounted in favor of an oil / coolant heat exchanger on the engine, the heat is on the two side-mounted in the front radiator. . Location. vehicles with Tiptronic S have a ATF / coolant heat exchanger on the gearbox and an additional third front cooler in the center of the car, which is also present in the 996 Turbo and GT2 ( from model year 2001 = 1 program ).

Instead of the dual ignition used in the previous model 993 was the 996 a " static high- voltage distribution " with six ignition modules.

The DOHC engine block is much more complicated than in the constructed air-cooled engines, which are made of two halves and having two control chains. The blocks of the new engines consist of four parts; The four camshafts are driven together by five chains: A duplex roller chain drives an intermediate shaft located below the crankshaft. Of this intermediate shaft carries a respective duplex roller chain on the front and rear of the engine to the exhaust camshaft. This drive via a simplex roller chain to the associated intake camshaft, which operates with a camshaft timing ( Vario Cam). From model year 2002 ( 3.6 liter engine ) with Ventilhubschaltung ( VarioCam Plus). In the Turbo, GT2 and GT3 models ever drives a duplex roller chain of the intermediate shaft from the intake and exhaust camshafts directly.

At launch, the Porsche 996 had produced an engine with a displacement of 3387 cc ( 3.4 liters ), which at a speed of 6800 rpm, a power of 221 kW ( 300 hp). In order for the engine reached without turbocharger, the power of the 911 Turbo models from 1978. Starting with model year 2002 the engine capacity to 3596 cc (3.6 liters) was increased, which at the same speed in a performance gain to 235 kW ( 320 hp) led. The fuel consumption was placed at about 11.1 liters of premium petrol per 100 km.

The Turbo version of the 996 with 309 kW (420 hp) at 6000 rpm was first produced in model year 2001. The engine with two intercoolers and turbochargers (Bi- Turbo), in contrast to the engines of the Carrera models feature a displacement of 3600 cc (3.6 liter) and is equipped with an external oil tank for the dry sump lubrication. The engine also has the VarioCam Plus intake camshaft adjustment with Ventilhubschaltung. As an option, the Tiptronic S five-course was available.

A so-called plant capacity increase (order code X50 ) with 331 kW and additional surcharge (450 hp) and 620 Nm at 5.700/min at 3.500-4.500/min - From the end of 2001 for the 996 Turbo - the same as already for the 993 Turbo.

The increase in power of 331 kW has been achieved by increasing the engine turbocharger ( K24 instead of K16 ), efficient charge-air cooler, a higher maximum charging pressure ( 0.9 bar instead of 0.8 bar), and other catalysts Auspuffendtöpfen. At the same time the engine electronics have been adjusted and the transmission enhanced by roller bearings. From autumn 2004, there was the model 911 ( 996 ) Turbo S with the same power of 331 kW.

In general, the engines of the 911 Turbo, 911 GT2 and 911 GT3 an evolution of the six-cylinder boxer engine from the 911 GT1 were.

Although the racing car Porsche 911 GT1 even pointed to similarities with the 996, but was a completely independent development with central engine.

Interior

The interior has been completely redesigned as the body. Most notable are the changes in the instruments: The centrally located tachometer though continues to dominate as the largest instrument, the instrument panel; the other four instruments but are repositioned and similar running the Boxster semicircular. The left of the tachometer speedometer and voltmeter are right and arranged the cooling water temperature, fuel and oil display. Often inaccurate readability especially the speedometer was criticized. Therefore, the speed is also displayed digitally in the tachometer.

Also, the center console and the door interior trim were redesigned. All parts of the interior were visually adapted to each other. This left the car interior act harmoniously, especially when subject to surcharge of extra amenities, such as interior in leather, aluminum or carbon-look were included. The seats of this model, however, were compared with those of the previous hardly changed.

The 996 won by the many revisions of the technical equipment more on practicality and comfort. As with the 993 many ingredients were available as standard. New optional additional equipment, such as an ESP, called Porsche Porsche Stability Management ( PSM), or a permanently installed navigation device with the Porsche Communication Management ( PCM ) and an automatic climate control complete the offer.

For the first time, a factory- orderable CD navigation system with street map view was offered from the series 996 and 986. The first variant (PCM 1, 5 inch 4:3 screen) came from the cooperation between Siemens (control, Graphical User Interface, navigation computer) and Harman Becker Automotive Systems (Radio tuner, cassette deck, amplifier and CD changer control ). After Siemens in 2003 the production of automotive navigation systems ceased, was later Harman Becker, the supplier of the complete PCM system. From September 2002, the new Genereration PCM 2 was delivered with 16:9 screen.

In addition to the comfortable sports car Porsche offered in parallel for racing at optimized sports car such as the 911 GT3 and 911 GT2. These cars were lighter than the standard models and had more powerful engines, the (360 hp) to 280 kW ( 381 hp) for the GT3 and 340 kW ( 462 hp) to 355 kW ( 483 hp) for the GT2 in performance ranged from 265 kW. Theoretically even average fuel consumption of 12.9 liters values ​​per 100 km at these vehicles are possible. When racing the consumption values ​​should, however, be much higher.

Special models

Anniversary model " Millennium Edition"

The Porsche 996 a special model of the Carrera 4 was prepared for the millennium. This special edition was limited to 911 vehicles and based on the current Carrera 4 model year 2000. The vehicle was delivered with the special paint Violettchromaflair. The following special equipment was also included:

  • Full leather interior in Cinnamon Brown
  • Maple burl wood and aluminum trim ( door knob, handbrake lever, steering wheel )
  • Porsche Communication Management ( PCM)
  • Sport seats with seat heating and electric adjustment
  • Sunroof
  • Rear wiper
  • Windscreen with green wedge
  • Alcantara roof liner in black
  • Memory function for mirrors and seat
  • Sound package digitally
  • 6- disc CD changer
  • "911" door sill plates
  • Aluminum colored dials
  • Porsche Stability Management ( PSM)
  • 18 -inch wheels ( Turbo-Look -Rad) in high-gloss finish
  • Litronic headlamps (Xenon)
  • Chrome exhaust tailpipes
  • Anniversary plaque on the center console with continuous Edition number

Anniversary model " 40 years 911"

From the Porsche 996 another anniversary model was established, which stands out by a particularly rich and sometimes unique features than the standard models.

In 2003 an anniversary model was produced based on the 996 Carrera to the 40th anniversary of the Porsche 911. Its engine delivers 18 kW (25 PS) produces more than the production model, the maximum of 254 kW ( 345 hp). The car has a silver gray special coating, which is usually only used on the Carrera GT. The front fascia is derived from the 4S or Turbo model. The highly polished 18 -inch wheels were standard unmatched by any other model in the range 996. Inside the car was, produced a total of 1963 cars from the Porsche, standard configured with a special leather interior. Further standard optional extras of the special models were:

  • Full leather equipment (including airbag module ) in dark gray leather special
  • Electric Schiebehubdach
  • Porsche Stability Management ( PSM)
  • Sound package digitally
  • Sport seats with color-keyed seat backrests
  • Center console, instrument rings, hand brake cover and trim on the dashboard finished in body color
  • Xenon headlights ( Litronic )
  • Side skirts in body color
  • Lettering " 40 years 911 " on the tailgate
  • "911" door sill plates
  • Climate
  • CD radio
  • Chrome exhaust tailpipes
  • Sports suspension (10 mm)
  • Limited-slip differential
  • Anniversary plaque on the center console with continuous Edition number

Technical data of the Carrera and Turbo models

No previous model of Porsche was gone in so many different versions on the market such as the Porsche 996:

1Werkleistungssteigerung, 2Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake

Technical data of the GT2 and GT3 models

Based on the GT racing, the Porsche successfully contested with the 996, a number of GT models were produced. You have no electronic driving aids and can be used with an optional Clubsport package with the following additional equipment features also for racing:

  • Roll bar
  • Lightweight ( carbon fiber trunk lid and engine cover)
  • Manual exterior mirrors
  • Bucket seats, cloth ( fire retardant )
  • Sechspunktgurt
  • Emergency stop button ( when operated the vehicle is immediately de-energized)

The Porsche 911 GT1 derived from, compared to the previous 996 version significantly more stable engine block with dry sump lubrication was used further in these GT models.

For use in the GT3 class of the FIA GT Championship, Le Mans, the ALMS and at the Nürburgring- Nordschleife special models were offered to customers who have evolved over the years

  • 911 GT3 R (from 1999)
  • 911 GT3 RS (from 2000)
  • 911 GT3 RSR ( from 2003)

On August 4, 2005 Patrick Simon presented the Porsche GT2 RS tuner EDO competition on a new lap record for street-legal vehicles on the Nürburgring. With a time of 7:15,63 minutes he was minimally faster than the previous record holder Michael Düchting in his Donkervoort RS, which required a time of 7:18,01 min. Meanwhile Düchting won but the lap record with a stronger Donkervoort back.

Graphical representation of the development of 996

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