Presidential system

• Presidential system of government
• Semipräsidentielles system of government
• Parliamentary system of government
• Parliament bound executive power
• Party system

• Parliamentary monarchy
• Constitutional monarchy
• Absolute monarchy

• Overthrown constitutional government (de facto mostly military dictatorships )
• Other systems or unclear political situations

A presidential system of government or presidential system, also presidential, is a system of government in which a president (lat. Chairman) as head of state who is also the function of the government.

Features

Characteristic is the relative independence of the government, in particular the Government by Parliament. It can, in contrast to a parliamentary democracy typically not be dismissed by the political vote of no confidence of a parliamentary majority, but only due to legal misconduct by impeachment ( impeachment ).

While in parliamentary democracies only Parliament is directly elected by the people and the government emanates from it, there are presidential democracies in two popular elections, the parliamentary elections and the presidential election. Because the president to come into office and stay in it, does not have to have a parliamentary majority, it may happen that the President ruled against the parliamentary majority of other parties. In the United States of America we speak in this case of divided government. Political scientists such as Juan Linz speak of a " failure of presidentialism " because such an opposing majority would lead to an unstable political situation, which could lead to the collapse of democracy ultimately how to show examples of Latin American countries such as Brazil and Chile.

From the presidential system of government can define the semi-presidential system of government. In contrast to presidentialism are in Semipräsidentialismus addition to the President nor a prime minister who can be dismissed by Parliament. An example of this system of government is France.

Examples

Examples of presidential systems of government, the United States and de facto almost all Latin American countries. De jure, but is, for example, in Peru and Brazil to semi-presidential systems of government, because the constitutional texts provide the position of a Government (Presidente del Consejo de Cabinet Ministers, Jefe de gabinete de Cabinet Ministers ), which can be overthrown by the parliament through a vote of no confidence. However, this is irrelevant in the practice of government and thus in the constitutional reality of these countries.