Prießnitz (Elbe)

The Prießnitz in Dresden's Albert City

Template: Infobox River / Obsolete

The Prießnitz is a right tributary of the Elbe in Saxony. Except for a short section of its upper reaches 25.4 km long Prießnitz located in the territory of the city of Dresden, in whose districts it springs and flows into the Elbe. A large part of the river is located in a nature reserve Dresdner Heide, only about 500 meters are plumbed shortly before the mouth in urban settlement area.

• 3.1 soils
• 3.2 Flora
• 3.3 Fauna
• 3.4 Protection

• 5.1 tributaries from the right
• 5.2 Tributaries of the left

• 6.1 Name
• 6.2 settlement
• 6.3 Previous Terms
• 6.4 Historic bridges
• 6.5 Development in the urban area

Course

The Prießnitz rises at an altitude of 281 m above sea level in the vicinity of the research center in the hallways Ross Village, a part of the village Schönfeld- Weißig in the extreme east of Dresden, and initially flows to more than the first half of its course within the Radeberger country roughly according to northwest, ie parallel to the Elbe. Immediately after the source it feeds the Rossendorf pond to then briefly to extend in the field of Ullersdorf. On the following three kilometers it forms the border to Radeberg and occurs at the Todmühle at Weißig to 240 m above sea level finally transferred to the city of Dresden. Now the Prießnitz flows through the belonging to the local exchange area Loschwitz Dresden Heath and passes on their way to Heidemühle. From here the river is accompanied on its further course across the heath of the Prießnitz valley road, a paved forest road.

In the northwest of the forest area, just before Klotzsche, she turns to 159 m above sea sharply to the south and seeks from here on the Elbe. Here, a longer portion of their valley forms the eastern boundary of the industrial site, which is already part of the local exchange area Neustadt or the homonymous district. Past the barracks of the military school of the Army and the Military History Museum in Albert City, the Prießnitz reached the densely built Neustädtische area that it flows through to the last two kilometers of its course.

First, it follows the road to the Prießnitz, then kinking slightly to the left and pass under the western section of the Hunter Street in a tunnel. From Kraszewski Museum it flows down parallel to the Prießnitzstraße roughly toward the south, where it forms the boundary between the Radeberger suburb and the Outer Neustadt. After the Prießnitz has the peninsula on which the road is bathed Prießnitzaue, it reaches its second underground channel section to Bautzen the street opposite the Deaconess House Church. The mouth of the Prießnitz into the Elbe is located, shortly after she steps back to the surface, at Deaconess Hospital on 105 m above sea level. NN. Thus, it overcomes to a length of about 25 kilometers an altitude difference of 175 meters.

Geomorphology

Präglaziale Urprießnitz

One theory by geologists of Freiberg According flowed the same before lying at the end of the Cretaceous period starting time of the creation of the Lusatian fault on Dresden -Klotzsche and Ottendorf- Okrilla, where there are rich deposits of fluvial Elbsande, further north. Therefore must have located the confluence of the Urprießnitz in these präglazialen Senftenberg Elbe running around today Prießnitz bend east of Klotzsche.

Postglacial Prießnitz

Valley forms

First, the current flows in a shallow Prießnitz Mulde. This is limited in the upper part of its course of Hempelsberg and Hutberg. Also in the Dresden Heath, the state does not change for the time being. Just below the ford widths, however, the Prießnitz forms an initially quite narrow but rapidly gaining in depth V-shaped valley, the Prießnitzgrund. At the Heidemühle she then begins to meander again, why now impact and Gleithänge are well trained. Here the valley is only 15 feet deep. In the area around the Klotzsche Prießnitzgrund reaches a depth of 30 meters, at the exit from the Lusatian plate even 40 meters. In the area of ​​Albert City, the valley is quickly flatter and wider. Here the Heidesand terrace is left and reached the Elbe Valley. The Prießnitz now approaching in a shallow valley of the Elbe.

Underground

The determining factor for the current run of Prießnitz the mound of alluvial fan of the Dresdner Heide by meltwater is south of the glacier edge of the Elster glaciation. In the sandy soil they dug into the whole heath. The underneath Lusatian granodiorite occurs in the bed of Prießnitz at Klotzsche short -days and leaves on a fault line the small Prießnitz Waterfall arise. Approximately 8 kilometers above its mouth it crosses the Lusatian fault and thus leaving their previous base, the Lusatian plate to enter the Elbe valley boiler. First, the Prießnitz passes but still with the central terrace a narrow strip between the two, which is why the Prießnitzgrund is still characterized by sandy slopes. In the Elbe valley boiler itself it moves on its own or fluvial deposits of the Elbe.

Flussanzapfung and origin of Prießnitz waterfall

The Strange History of today's Prießnitz probably goes back to the rare geomorphological process of Flussanzapfung. The north-west facing, located on the Lusatian granite slab headwaters probably took 10,000 several years ago about the current Promnitztal its sequel, and was thus the Great Röder tributary. As flow of the plateau of the upper reaches had only moderate gradient and low erosive power. Much stronger on the other hand worked its way today Prießnitz underflow, which even then zustrebte the nearby, low-lying river Elbe, in a sandy soil. Finally Due to the erosion, he cut back on today Prießnitz bend east of Klotzsche the high altitude Röder inflow sideways and forwarded these to the south towards the Elbe to. Then also increased slope and erosion of the upper course, which consequently created a uniform valley until he met on the Granodioritstörung described in section underground and they uncovered. Therefore, the erosion in the upper reaches slowed again in the lower reaches, however, she went on unhindered vonstatten. At the interface to the fault one in the past, up to several meters high stage, which is known as Prießnitz Waterfall today was built on the basis of these processes.

Founding of New Town alluvial

The long erosion processes meant that the Prießnitz earned large amounts of material into the Elbe Valley. This was deposited mainly on the right bank of the Elbe below the Prießnitz mouth off. Thus arose gradually the alluvial fan in the form of the Elbe river bend to the New Town, on the Sorbian settlers in the Middle Ages the place later founded Altendresden. Seen in the activities of the Prießnitz were decisive for the city of Dresden the plant.

Nature of the ground Prießnitz

Soils

In the valleys of the notched sole Prießnitz and its tributaries in the northeast has moist, since groundwater near alluvial soils that are rich in humus and alluvial material. In the backwaters of Prießnitz develop peat very nutrient-rich peat soils, which are partially offset by the percolation process on the sandy soils above the valleys under heavy pressure source.

Flora

In the Valley of Prießnitz located in all forest layers a very extensive and varied vegetation, which also changes during the course of the valley. Near the waterfall, where the valley has no material sole, grow ravine forests on south-facing slopes, which begin on the shore. There is represented beside the spruce and the maple. This is usually represented mainly in montane to high altitudes of the mountains in Germany. Originally fir trees also were widespread.

Where a sole with some bog -like areas was formed beside the river, you will find black alder, silver birch, ash, alder, red oak, and at the edge of the sole at the transition to the surrounding forest communities beech, pine, sycamore and spruce in the tree - and shrub layer. Through moor -like source areas and the waters the tree layer is partially interrupted and so there is also light- requiring species such as aspen growing in exposed places.

To be particularly rich in species proves also the local herb layer with protected species such as marsh marigold, Rundblättrigem sundew, marsh iris, spring water and other. Sunny places in slope or river bed, favoring the occurrence of the Great jewelweed. In the side valleys, the herbaceous layer also contains otherwise rather montanere plant species such as Hain- loosestrife or mountain Speedwell.

Fauna

In the Prießnitz, which is used by DAV for fishing, can be found as part of the ichthyofauna brook trout as well as the highly endangered species of fish brook lamprey and bullhead. Low domestic water animals are amphipods ( Amphipoda ) and flatworms ( Turbellaria ). Birds also have their habitat on or in the river. So mallards, gray wagtails, kingfishers, Gimpel and wrens are found. Rare is the dippers.

Protection

The Prießnitz flows over a length of more than 15 kilometers of the existing landscape since 1969 reserve Dresdner Heide. Several individual sections of the river within the heath are also under protection. It is the natural monuments backwaters of the Prießnitz ( ND 4) and Prießnitz waterfall and bank slopes ( ND 6, 1967 ). A right tributary of the Prießnitz, the Ullersdorfer village water is also designated as a natural monument area ( ND 3).

The Prießnitzgrund with its particular locations is recognized as a European Fauna- Flora-Habitat area. This area runs through the entire Dresdner Heide from the east in the bow of the river course to Carolabrücke Stauffenbergallee in the southwest. It captures the river, the valley floor and the different degrees of slopes and parts of the side valleys. Protection goals are there of obtaining near-natural riverine sections of the swamp forests, peat swamp and bog herb communities and the preservation of habitats for endangered species of fauna. Especially with respect to the flow go hand in hand for measures of natural embankment design, slowing and permeability. In the environment of monocultural forest areas are transformed close to nature. The grassland areas have to be obtained by extensive farming ( alternating annually piecewise mowing as a countermeasure against Verstaudung ). Based on the recreational function of the Dresdner Heide is called a safeguard preventing the other recreational uses of the area.

Water management

The normal water supply from the Prießnitz is even in dry periods at its lower reaches slightly more than 30 liters per second. This is due to the constant entry of its tributaries. Must be noted here that some of the water seeps into the sandy ground. The Prießnitz is also the only heath River that originates neither in this forest area, yet leads to its domain into another body of water. She is also by far the most water and longest body of water that flows through the forest. Both points are interdependent. So the Prießnitz is whether its in comparison to other heath streams rather large outflow strength in the ways an absolute exception, as that their water can not seep completely Heidesand.

Nevertheless, it comes as a result of heavy rain events over and over again to flooding, where the flow can cause quite more than one cubic meter of water per second. Severe damage in Prießnitzgrund are known from the years 1854, 1876, 1897 and 1926. Particularly memorable is the flood in August 2002, were flooded with parts of the new town, which was partly caused by the backflow of hitting the high Elbpegel Prießnitz water.

Inflows

The Prießnitz has about 35 smaller tributaries. Some of these waters carry only intermittently water or reach the Prießnitz very rare, as they seep into the water permeable Heidesand usually earlier. The following list contains only a selection.

Tributaries from the right

• Kleinerkmannsdorfer water
• Ullersdorfer village water
• Black water creek with glasses
• Metzenbornflüsschen
• Hell Born
• Steingründchenwasser
• Black - image - water
• Mehlflüsschen
• Nesselgrund Bach
• Kretzschelgrundbach

Tributaries of the left

• Weißiger Dorfbach
• Hair Weidenbach
• Augustus Born
• Three Börner Bach
• Evil -hole water
• Saugartenbach
• Kaltenborn
• Sweden canyon creek
• Melzer source
• Pusch source
• Sand canyon creek
• Kellerflüsschen
• Lindigtflüsschen

History

Name

The name is derived from Prießnitz westslawisch * breza = " birch " and * - nica = "place". So Freely translated, it is the "Bach on Birkenort ". The river was mentioned in 1441 as Breßynicz and 1527 as Brißenitz.

See also names of similar origin: Briesnitz, Brießnitz, breeze, breezes, Priesen, United Priesen

Colonization

The region on the Prießnitz was already inhabited in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, as confirmed by several findings. The Sorbian influence in its catchment area as a whole remained quite low, as it was cleared in the 12th century in the course of the German Ostsiedlung partially. Although the Prießnitz really is since a 1999 wave incorporation almost in its entire course on metropolitan Dresdner territory, it passes down to her inner-city section just before the mouth either only weakly or not at all populated areas.

Earlier use

The Prießnitz water was used probably already in the late Middle Ages to drive mills. In 1671 it was mentioned a now vanished sawmill in Prießnitzgrund near Klotzsche, the exact location, however, is no longer localized. Other mills are the Ullersdorfer Todmühle and the two successively existing heath mills. In addition, we searched the Prießnitzgrund during the 17th and 18th centuries for precious metals. At these mining activities remembers the walled mouth hole of a former silver stud near the block 's forest pool. Around 1770, even a gold wash was operated in the Prießnitz. For a long time here we also bred fish, such as at the Heidemühle. Furthermore, the water Prießnitz a healing effect was attributed, so it fed several applied near the river baths. This affected the operated since 1831 Priessnitz in the New Town and the forest swimming Klotzsche and the bathroom on the Heidemühle.

Historic bridges

It is known of course Prießnitz by Dresdner Heide for its many historic, dating partly from the 16th century stone bridges. These include the upper portion, for example, Todbrücke at the Ullersdorfer road, the Great Stallion bridge during the Radeberger highway, shelving, Sweden and Can Henkel Bridge, Upper and Lower Wettin bridge and the other bridge. In its lower heath section the water is crossed by the block 's Todbrücke, the robes, the cellar and the kitchen bridge.

Development in the urban area

In the course of Stauffenbergallee the 23 m high and 75 m long Carola Bridge spans the entire Prießnitzgrund. This arch bridge was built in 1873 for the great highway of Albert City. Since that time were located in this area, powder magazines and bunkers that were with the adjacent, newly built barracks complex in context and disappeared after 1918. In her New Town part the Prießnitz was partially banned and overbuilt over the years under the earth.