Process planning

Work preparation (including job preparation or shortly called AV, Switzerland AVOR is common ) are all preparatory measures for the economic production of products (cf. links: Gabler, economy Encyclopedia Online ). The work of preparation is a branch of production planning and control, which in turn is a part of the production economy; it deals with the immediate preparation and organization of the parts production and assembly. We divide the work preparation frequently in:

  • The work planning: This includes all planning measures single incident to ensure the economical production of parts, assemblies or products.
  • The work control: The control of operations is responsible for all actions for order processing, for the work of planning the right conditions were created. This includes primarily the commissioning of production (usually a production cost center), the supply of the necessary production material, storage or transport of the gefertigen parts, assemblies or products.

The terms Production planning and process Planning are synonyms. With production control is called a partial aspect of the work control ( see below ), with a clear separation in language use and in practice is rare to find. The terms used are actually partly depends on the industry ( for example, in the construction industry working ... the usual ).

Work planning

The single incident planning measures is the long term planning of the entire manufacturing and assembly system of a company to call. This technical- organizational- managerial task is often referred to with factory planning.

To work planning in the narrow sense include:

  • The choice of appropriate production processes
  • The planning of the workplace ' and material flow
  • The development of working documents
  • The concept of PRTs
  • The programming of production facilities (eg CNC )
  • The calculation of product costs (building on the work plan )

To establish the working documents include the creation of

  • Work instructions
  • Work plans: planning of operations and in particular the determination of standard time ( time management ) and
  • Production BOM

In designing the PRTs are primarily for the finished product specific devices, tools, measuring instruments, etc.

Work control

The significant main tasks of the working control you count:

  • Material planning and provision,
  • Scheduling and capacity planning, as well as the
  • Production control and shop floor control.

Basis for performance of the contract are determined by the work schedule in the work plans of work processes and target times. Other important data are available in the current situation capacities of staff, machinery and equipment, ie the number of available work hours in the future periods.

Material planning and deployment

The material requirements resulting from the production program or the production program that is resolved with the help of the production BOM. The MRP is responsible for the supply of production material, especially that the required production materials, parts and assemblies are ready on time and in sufficient quantity at the production site. The MRP has to be closely coordinated with the procurement of purchased parts at the supplier and materials management (see needs assessment ). Also must be available at the workplace for the manufactured parts and / or assemblies, the right container and loading equipment in sufficient number and all necessary production aids and tools.

Scheduling and capacity planning

For components manufactured in -house production, the guiding- dates and completion dates of all product components are now in the context of scheduling is first determined. This is done using a so-called lead time scheduling. The subsequent Capacity Planning provides an overview of the situation resulting from the construction contracts present capacity load for all units of capacity (eg, jobs, machinery, etc.). As is often the first planning cycle does not result in balanced capacitance load, ie periods of low utilization to be replaced eg by periods of excessive workload, resource leveling and possibly a scheduling relocation of production orders must be made before the order is released. MRP systems are today for this very computationally intensive task in many cases ( computer software systems for production planning and control ) were used.

Production Control

The next main function of labor control production control can be seen. This includes the availability controlling all resources ( personnel, material, equipment, etc.) the timely start of the job (also released ), which until then only planned production orders. This usually triggers the expression of the necessary order accompanying documents, such as route maps, material requisition slips and time tickets. These documents go to the distribution in the different production sites ( or cost center ) of the company.

The operations of the released production orders are scheduled within a control loop and is bearing down on the assigned job and after work progress reported back ( data acquisition ).

Work preparation in practice

The duration of the above tasks can be very different depending on the company or production type and production type. In companies of single and small batch production, the scope of planning work activities ( work scheduling, lead time calculation, etc.) is often dominant. For mass production, often the work control is determinative. In companies with mass production mostly special systems are used for production. Here the main task is the development, construction and ongoing optimization of production resources, ie in the area of ​​factory planning. The production of variant products in series or mass production ( eg the automotive industry) is also usually associated with great effort for material planning.

Distinction between

With work preparation, the agency or department is often called, whose area of ​​responsibility is the scheduling.

Manufacturing engineering Numerical control Jig (tool) Work order
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