Product-service system

A hybrid power beam ( HLB) is characterized by an integrated and mutually determinative planning, development, provision and use of property, and service units ( Hybrid Value ) including its immanent software components. Thus, it is with a hybrid power beam by a paragraph object that is suitable for solving a specific customer problem.

The possibility of partial substitution of the respective property, and service units is given. Hybrid power bundle apply not only to business-to -business level (example: Technical facility with engineering and rating services) application, but can also B2C ( example: Mobile phone with contract) occur. In both cases, hybrid power bundle due to the interactions of their immanent property, and service units and persons involved in the provision of services are to be regarded as a socio- technical system. Hybrid power bundles are therefore in the provision phase, similar to Product Service Systems (PSS ), characterized in that their service units are provided over the entire life cycle to improve customer value. As with Product - service system, the integrated development and delivery of mutually determinative property and service units is a mandatory requirement for hybrid value bundles. A sharp distinction between traditional product and services is no longer possible.

The academic debate over whether - and if so to what extent - can be physical goods and services differ from each other is not yet complete. While often a distinction of the performance shares is advocated in traditional sachgutorientierten and technical research disciplines, marketing is increasingly advocated the abolition of the dichotomy in (service). Against this background, among others, the following features are proposed for hybrid value bundles (see also Engelhardt et al 1993. )

• High heterogeneity by the integrated consideration of property and service units and the associated diverse requirements for planning, development, delivery and use;
• High degree of customization by the customer-specific solutions to problems that can arise from new development or configuration of standardized performance shares;
• Possibility for the partial substitutability of property and services shares, because the domain -neutral problem-solving is paramount.

It should be noted that it is possible, depending on the zoom pulled source find different ideas concerning the properties of Product-Service Systems. This is due, which dominate in different disciplines who are involved in the investigation of hybrid value bundles (eg engineering, economics, business computer science, environmental research ), among others in each different basic assumptions. Different positions depend, for example, on whether one focuses implicitly on standardized or individualized hybrid power bundle. Other factors, for example, find themselves in or

In English, for the B2C market often Product Service System (PSS ) ( the focus here is on the concept of sustainability ) and for the B2B market Industrial Product - Service System ( IPSS or IPS ² ) was used. In other works, the concept of service system (or the Product - Service System ) is defined as "a dynamic value co -creation configuration of resources, including people, organizations, shared information (language, laws, measures, methods ), and technology, all connected internally and externally to other service systems by value propositions ". Here, then, is not understood, the hybrid power bundle as a paragraph object, but rather a configuration of businesses and resources with the term (Product ) service system that serves as an organizational framework for the hybrid value creation. More often is used as a match for hybrid value bundles in the English speaking, the term " Customer Solution ", for example.

Starting position

To ensure a competitive market position, many companies no longer want to offer only one kind or service alone nowadays. An economic significance it win the deals that integrate both damage to property and services and are sold as a bundle of services on the market. The main objective of HLBs is the opportunity to create a customized solution.

Business models

A business model describes the relationship of a vendor with its customers to benefit levels, value chain and revenue model. Thus puts forward the business model which benefits will be generated as part of the business relationship, as this benefit is produced and remunerated on the basis of size of the provider.

The business models -Service Systems can be functional, results-oriented -availability or configured. In a function-oriented business model ( usage- based; function oriented ) provides the Provider property next to the power component integrated in developed DL, which are responsible, under request by the customer. In an availability -oriented business model (performance -based; Availiability oriented ) the provider guarantees the usability of the means of production. In this case, the provider 's own responsibility increasingly assuming the customer, such as maintenance or preventive maintenance processes, and thus carries a part of the production risk. In a results-oriented business model (value -based, result oriented ) overall responsibility for the production results on the HLB provider goes on, as customers pay him to flawlessly produced parts ( pay-per- Production).

Frameworks

Current research to develop process-oriented descriptions, which can be described as a lifecycle relatedness of HLBs.

HLB - core process

The HLB - core processes is a fundamental distinction between the creation, operation and end of HLB and thus spans the entire HLB life-cycle (see product life cycle). As detailed process steps in the development have been considered the following:

In operation, the provision of HLB service components and the use of the HLB - kind shares are later on. The HLB core process is done once for each HLB, with the attribution of resources, it is possible to perform a feedback -to -design. The whole process is regarded at all levels as kundenintregrativ. The customer is involved at an appropriate point in the process.

Regulatory framework of hybrid value creation

In contrast to the HLB - core process describes the regulatory framework for both client -dependent and client -independent functions. The time sequence is not in the foreground of the drawing. Rather, this allows to compile the functions according to the HLBs requirements and possibly to go through sub-processes.

The hybrid value creation can be divided into several functional areas that are systematized in a regulatory framework. Each functional area includes business processes and artifacts for the integration of tangible goods and services that are to be considered as recommendations for action and tools to support the hybrid value creation. Main components of the framework include:

Coordination processes

Core processes

Procurement and sales market

Tuli et al. 2007 divided their framework according to the following four steps: