Promotion and relegation
As Relegation (from Latin relegatio, Fort Chic Kung, exile, expulsion ') qualifiers are referred to in the German sport, involving for the participants usually either order to avoid the descent into a deeper or for promotion to a higher league. The term relegatio refers only to the team that tries to prevent one or more comparisons their descent. In some sports tournaments or Relegation Round will be played.
Another term for the playoffs is Barrage.
Word origin
Relegatio is Latin for referral, distance, exile. Formerly " Relegation " was still the referral of a university used.
Since 1982, the term for the playoffs and decision rounds is used, where it usually goes to the rise to a higher league, for example, a playoff between one of the worst teams in the higher and one of the best in the lower division, in which the crew of the higher league to the whereabouts in this class, the team of lower division play for the climb.
It could, however, act ( even more from the original meaning different) pure ascent games or climb rounds in which all the teams involved can only ascend (such as in a play table between leaders of two leagues ). The more appropriate term for this would be " qualifier ", because it is not only a descent game from the higher class, but also to a rise game from the lower class.
In Germany, the term Relegation game has naturalized. In English, the term carries the original meaning relegation relegation.
In Switzerland, dating from the French term Barrage are ( pl. Barrages ) or simply uses the terms Auf-/Abstieg. In contrast to other meanings of the word as Barrage dam, reservoir or barrage it would actually match exact de Barrage Barrage or hot game. The term is mainly used in sports that originate in France as pétanque or in France are very popular as rugby or cycling, and has established itself among other things in the German-speaking Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Greece and Poland.
Floorball
1 MaXxPrint Floorball Bundesliga: In floorball, the climber in the first MaXxPrint Floorball Bundesliga between the two worst teams in the placement round of the first MaXxPrint Floorball Bundesliga and the two best teams in the play-offs 2nd MaxXPrint Floorball League are in a best - of-three series determined.
Football
Germany
In the German Bundesliga are held intermittently since 1975 Ascension or relegation matches.
France
History of the French play-offs
In the early years ( 1932-1939 and 1945-1950 ), there was no division between first and second Barrages, but only a direct decrease or rise. This was also the 1957-1963, 1970-1979 and since the 1993/94 season up to the present (2011 /12).
In the following periods, however, there were play-offs, either with round-trip - and if necessary, a decision match ( involved in two teams), a tournament with a round robin ( three or four participants ) or in several cross matches ( four to seven participants ):
In the 1950s and 1960s, the weights between teams from the two leagues were distributed approximately evenly: Twelve primary and nine Zweitdivisionäre survived the Barrages successful. On the other hand succeeded in the relegation rounds from 1979/80, as in each case a single first division with up to six unterklassigen teams had to deal with, but even to secure the former, only five of the 14 years on this path in the league in Division 1. In this period were always given with one exception climb three places in this, but went to the excessive number of cases to teams of Division 2.
Play off
In the table, participants and - listed Match Results - only for individual pairings. The clubs that were members in the following season the Premier League due to relegation, are shown in bold. In the years in which more than two teams were involved, there were three different modes: Mode A: Every once played against each participant (one point round). Mode B: Each participant denied return match against the two teams from the league, which he did not belong to himself; from all results, a table is created, ascended the two best point. Mode C: First, cross game between the second and third placed teams from the second division groups whose best then played against the third last first division team to a Division -1 space.
* Ajaccio allowed but also still remain in the top division due to an increase in subsequent league.
Austria
In Austria the rear of the First League descends. The master of the three regional leagues fight in a play-off with the second-bottom of the first division two promotion places. This regulation is amended from the 2014/15 season that the champions of the ( then probably only two regional leagues ) will ascend directly to the First League.
Switzerland
In the Swiss Football League Table Ninth Super League played against second the Challenge League for a place in the Super League. This so-called Abstiegsbarrage found 2004-2012 held nine times and was then abolished in favor of a single Auf-/Absteigers again.
Other countries
In addition to the "normal" control with solid waste and climbers various football associations have established in their respective leagues different Ab-/Aufstiegsmodi:
- Argentina: There are two solid waste or promoted. The third and fourth last Primera Division play against the 3rd and 4th of the Nacional B for the places in the first division.
- England: Two or three teams climb directly behind four placed teams will play in play-off to another place.
- Italy: Two teams from Serie B to rise directly. If the difference in points between 3rd and 4th less than 10 points, the courts play 3 to 6 in the play-offs of the third climber.
- Netherlands: Only the last of the Eredivisie table descends, and the champion of the Eerste Divisie rises. The 16th and 17th the first division and the six period champion of the second division play in a play-off mode to two more places.
Pétanque
When a Barrage Pétanque is played as a playoff in the Poule.