Prostigmata
Lorrya formosa from the family of Tydeidae
The Prostigmata, formerly also called Actinedida are a taxon within the mites ( Acari ). They comprise approximately 20,000 species, almost half of all species of mites and are both terrestrial and freshwater and disseminated in the sea. You can find them because of their smallness and adapted living in each habitat. They feed predatory or plant residues as well as fungi or live as commensals or parasites.
In classical systematic classification of arachnids mites presented an order and the Trombidiformes ( Actinedida ) a subordination dar. In other systems, they stand as an independent order within the superorder Acariformes in the subclass of the mites ( Acari ). The Prostigmata are considered by some authors as paraphyletic Sammeltaxon in which all mites were filed, which are not typical Astigmata or Oribatida.
Features
Prostigmata differ from the Astigmata mainly by the lack of some features. In contrast to the Oribatida their body shell is only weakly or only partially sclerotized. The remaining Astigmata, however, are weichhäutig. The gnathosoma the Prostigmata rarely has paired Rutella (pine shop) and the chelicerae are rare like scissors. Likewise Pseudostigmata missing at Propodosoma. In contrast to the Astigmata the palps are three to five-membered and large and the tarsi rarely have sucker- like organs on.
The different lifestyles of some 150 families of Prostigmata has led to numerous adaptations. The group is morphologically very heterogeneous. The smallest representative is 0.65 mm long, the largest 1.8 mm. The carapace of the front body ( prosoma ) is divided into two sections in the front and larger Propeltidium and the smaller Metapeltidium. Some species breathe through the skin, in others a lying within the body respiratory system for the supply of oxygen is responsible. If such is present, it ends with two breathing holes ( stigma ) at the base of Cheliceren. The location of the stigmata is also an important taxonomic feature and differentiates the Prostigmata of other groups of mites.
Distribution and habitat
The species of Prostigmata are spread throughout the world, their occurrence ranges from Antarctica to in northern latitudes, over all climate zones. They colonize not only terrestrial habitats, but are also in fresh water and is home to the sea.
System
Families:
- Acalyptonotidae
- Acarophenacidae
- Acucapitidae
- Adamystidae
- Alicorhagiidae
- Allochaetophoridae
- Amoenacaridae
- Amphotrombiidae
- Anisitsiellidae
- Anystidae
- Apheviderulicidae
- Arenohydracaridae
- Arrenuridae
- Astacocrotonidae
- Athienemanniidae
- Athyreacaridae
- Aturidae
- Audyanidae
- Barbutiidae
- Bdellidae
- Bembidiacaridae
- Bimichaeliidae
- Bogatiidae
- Caeculidae
- Caligonellidae
- Calyptostomatidae
- Camerobiidae
- Caraboacaridae
- Chappuisididae
- Cheyletidae
- Chyzeriidae
- Cloacaridae
- Crotalomorphidae
- Cryptognathidae
- Ctenothyadidae
- Cunaxidae
- Dasythyreidae
- Haarbalgmilben ( Demodicidae ), with the kind of the Haarbalgmilben ( Demodex )
- Diptilomiopidae
- Dolichocybidae
- Ereynetidae
- Eriophyidae ( gall mites )
- Eriorhynchidae
- Erythreidae
- Eupalopsellidae
- Eupatrellidae
- Eupodidae
- Eylaidae, with the glasses mite ( Eylais extendens )
- Feltriidae
- Ferradasiidae
- Grandjeanicidae
- Gretacaridae
- Halacaridae
- Harpagopalpidae
- Harpyrhynchidae
- Heterocheylidae
- Homocaligidae
- Hungarohydracaridae
- Hydrachnidae, with the ball mite ( Hydrachna globosa )
- Hydrodromidae, with the Gelbfußmilbe ( Hydrodroma despiciens )
- Hydrovolziidae
- Hydryphantidae, with the stain mite ( Panisus michaeli ) and the saddle mite ( Hydryphantes ruber)
- Hygrobatidae, with the Hedgehog mite ( Hygrobates longipalpis ) and the Sichelfußmilbe ( Atractides ovalis )
- Iolinidae
- Johnstonianidae
- Kantacaridae
- Krendowskiidae
- Labidostommatidae
- Laversiidae
- Lebertiidae, with the Hüpfmilbe ( Lebertia insignis ) and the runes mite ( Lebertia glabra)
- Leeuwenhoekiidae
- Limnesiidae, with the genus of the pond mites ( Limnesia )
- Limnocharidae, with the blind mite ( Limnochares aquatica )
- Limnohalacaridae
- Linotetranidae
- Lordalychidae
- Mecognathidae
- Microdispidae
- Micropsammidae
- Mideidae
- Mideopsidae
- Momoniidae
- Myobiidae
- Nalepellidae
- Nanorchestidae
- Nematalycidae
- Neoacaridae
- Neothrombiidae
- Neotrombidiidae
- Nipponacaridae
- Oehserchestidae
- Omartacaridae
- Ophioptidae
- Oxidae, with the mussel cancer mite ( Frontipoda musculus)
- Paratydeidae
- Pentapalpidae
- Pentasetacidae
- Penthaleidae
- Penthalodidae
- Pezidae
- Phytoptidae
- Piersigiidae
- Pionidae
- Platyglyphidae
- Podapolipidae
- Pomerantziidae
- Pontarachnidae
- Proteonematalycidae
- Proterorhagiidae
- Pseudocheylidae
- Psorergatidae
- Pterygosomatidae
- Pyemotidae
- Pygmephoridae
- Raphignathidae
- Rhagidiidae
- Rhynchohydracaridae
- Rutripalpidae
- Scutacaridae
- Siteroptidae
- Smarididae
- Sperchontidae, with the source mite ( Sperchon glandulosus )
- Sphaerolichidae
- Stigmaeidae
- Strandtmanniidae
- Stygothrombiidae
- Stygotoniidae
- Syringophilidae
- Tarsocheylidae
- Tarsonemidae
- Teneriffiidae
- Tenuipalpidae
- Teratothyadidae
- Terpnacaridae
- Spider mites ( Tetranychidae ), with the common spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae) and Red Spider ( Panonychus ulmi )
- Teutoniidae
- Thermacaridae
- Torrenticolidae
- Trombellidae
- Trombiculidae
- Mites ( Trombidiidae ), with the Red Samtmilbe ( Trombidium holosericeum )
- Trombidiidae
- Tuckerellidae
- Tydeidae
- Uchidastygacaridae
- Unionicolidae, with the glass mite ( Neumania vernalis )
- Vatacaridae
- Walchiidae
- Wettinidae
- Xenocaligonellididae
- Yurebillidae