Protoscience

Proto science (from the Greek πρώτος, protos, "first" ) is a 1970 by historian of science Thomas Kuhn Samuel introduced term, which he referred to teachings that are in a pre-scientific stage and have not yet developed into a mature science. Although they may have many properties in common with pseudo-sciences and are often surrounded by a cordon of such, they have the potential to develop into scientifically accepted theories. However, there is also the possibility that they may turn out to be erroneous.

Proto Sciences Kuhn

According to Kuhn, is the main difference between proto- science and science recognized the lack of generally accepted paradigm, a framework which allows the normal science: Solving research problems ( puzzle solving ). It is this puzzle-solving is an essential property of Sciences for Kuhn.

A proto- science achieved the status of a recognized science if it allows normal science. As science the way they work often has to adapt to the student phenomenon, the resulting hypotheses are vague and understood the methodology only in a development.

Examples of proto Sciences

Kuhn introduced as examples of proto- sciences, chemistry and electricity, before the mid-eighteenth century, genetics and phylogeny before the middle of the nineteenth century and the general situation in the social sciences of his time to.

Michael Devitt has to search for identification criteria of natural species (eg of pain sensations ) formulated that we often find ourselves in this state of a proto- science, where a reliable theory missing and instead basic intuitions and expert advice are conducting.

Often classical philosophical theory tests, such as the color theory of John Locke or the natural explanations of Aristotle, referred to as Proto science.

Husserl had conceived phenomenology as a descriptive Proto Science in something other than the sense advocated by Kuhn, the basic types of intentional objects and acts constituting what could then build systematic knowledge.

In recent epistemological debates often the background assumptions of folk psychology are (folk psychology ) and certain theory sketches the philosophy of mind, including reference theories and theories of a language of thought (language of thought ) called Proto science, for example, by Larry Hauser, Stephen Stich, David Papineau, Michael McGinn et al Eliminativisten represented here that can be so reduced by the transformation of psychology into a modern science mentalist of a proto science basic concepts of folk psychology as "opinion", "desire", " emotion " in materialistic terms and should. But naturalistic theory proposals are, of course, often referred to as proto- scientific, inasmuch as they are not worked out in the same way as you, this requires that other modern theories, such as the so-called Richard Dawkins memetics.

Definition of the concept of prior knowledge machinations

Do not confuse these Kuhnian Proto sciences with some sciences (physics, chemistry, biology and others) upstream knowledge machinations that are mentioned in the methodological constructivism Proto sciences.

Swell

• Philosophy of Science
• Parascience