Psalm 22
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The Psalm 22 EU ( according to the Greek census of 21 ) is a Psalm from the Bible's Book of Psalms. Due to the heading in Psalm 22.1, the text is considered one of the Psalms of David. It consists of two parts, it begins with a lawsuit prayer to God ( 1-22), followed by a song of thanksgiving ( 23/24-32 ).
The psalm is not only in Judaism is important, but has especially in Christianity great weight because his Anfangsvers " My God, my God, why have you forsaken me " (Hebrew " Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani ") in the Passion of Jesus (Mt 27:46 EU, EU Mark 15:34 ) is quoted.
Heading
The heading in verse 1 provides information on the four Ps: It initially is a מִזְמוֹר (Hebrew " Mizmor " ), a song with instrumental accompaniment, which belongs to the series of " Psalms of David ". Traditionally, these are the King David attributed as an author. In the exegetical science this attribution is disputed. Remains the Hebrew particle "le" can have the meaning "of", "above" or " for", so that unclear whether the David Psalms of David originate or him, or have the Davidic kingship only on the topic.
The headline calls on the feature " for the conductor ." This is a reference to the liturgical use of the Psalms in the ( Temple ) liturgy. The exact meaning is unclear.
The song should be sung to the tune of " Hind of the Dawn ," apparently a known manner, which serves here as a template.
Historical- critical analysis
In the exegetical science of the Psalm is not widely viewed as a unified whole. It is expected at least a basic Psalm in verse 1-22/23 and an extension through V. 23/24-32. Further analyzes also detect V. 4-6 as part of the Erweitung and take a third editorial development in layer V. 28-32 at. The distinction between the two main parts is also controversial. So verse 23 is sometimes counted nor to the basic Psalm.
The emergence of the basic psalm (v. 2-22/23 ) is suspected to be pre-exilic period. The second part was probably only added in post-exilic period because of the significant rescue of Israel. The last processing (v. 28-32 ) is because of the universalistic perspective the Hellenistic period probably in the outgoing 4th century.
Interpretation
With the pressing question of "why " of suffering (v. 2) is the 22nd Psalm, the document deepest abandonment by God in the face of suffering and persecution by multiple enemies. Because of the vagueness of the emergency meets the first part of the psalm many typical situations of persecution and has thus become a timeless testimony. The complaint about the absence of God is accompanied several times by praise (v. 4 ) confidences (v. 5-6, 10-11 ) and requests (v. 20-22). The second part of the Psalm is the gratitude of the petitioner in view of his salvation ( v. 22) in the context of Israel (v. 26-27) and expands in worship of YHWH 's perspective on the peoples of the world, impressed by God's action should show.
In the New Testament Jesus quoted Psalm shortly before his death on the cross and made so that the attitude of the one who prays Psalm, and, according to Jewish tradition, the entire contents of the psalm as its own. Even in the greatest agony and loneliness, God remains the intimate contact. Christo Logically this place was perceived as offensive, inasmuch as Jesus Christ, who is a person of the Trinity of God in Christianity, can say that God had forsaken him. However, as in the Psalm is the abandonment by God not the end. It is clear in here, as there, the sudden and abrupt rescue of the petitioner by God in the New Testament Jesus' resurrection. The usual division of the Psalms in a suit (Psa 22.2 to 22 EU) and a praise or thanks (Psa 22.23 to 32 EU ) is therefore in Christianity (including Martin Luther ) on the one hand with regard to the crucifixion and on the other hand interpreted as referring to the resurrection.