Pteridaceae

Pteris argyrea

The Saumfarngewächse ( Pteridaceae ) are a family of genuine ferns ( Polypodiopsida ).

Features

The rhizomes are long to short creeping, ascending to erect, and wear scales, rarely only hair. The leaf blades are uniform ( monomorphic ), hemidimorph or for some species, also designed different ( dimorphic ). In some genera, especially the Vittarioiden, the leaf blade is simple ( not divided ). Otherwise it is pinnate, sometimes fußförmig. The leaf veins are branched freely and forked, or variously connected ( anastomosing ) and then form a net-like pattern.

The sori are on the leaf margin ( marginal) or something within (intra- marginal). They have no real Indusium, are often protected by the recurved margin. The sporangia can also sit on the leaf veins. The sporangia have a vertical annulus. The spores are spherical or tetrahedral, trilet ( three-rayed scar ) and are ornamented differently.

The basic chromosome number is in most cases x = 29 or 30

Dissemination

The family is almost cosmopolitan spread, but most representatives grow in tropical and arid areas. The ferns grow on the ground ( terrestrial), on rocks or as epiphytes.

System

In the family of transcription by Smith et al. 2006, the family includes about 50 genera and 950 species. The Pteridaceae it also includes some of the other authors as separate families guided Acrostichaceae, Actiniopteridaceae, Adiantaceae, Anopteraceae, Antrophyaceae, Ceratopteridaceae, Cheilanthaceae, Cryptogrammaceae, Hemionitidaceae, Negripteridaceae, Parkeriaceae, Platyzomataceae, Sinopteridaceae, Taenitidaceae, Vittariaceae. Several genera, such as Cheilanthes are partly clearly polyphyletic or paraphyletic, and require a new definition. The family itself is to this extent a natural kinship group, is therefore monophyletic.

The genera are listed alphabetically:

  • Mangrove ferns ( Acrostichum L.), with about three to seventeen and more pantropic species.
  • Actiniopteris link, with about two to three species in tropical Africa and Asia.
  • Adiantopsis Fée, with about nine species.
  • Maidenhair fern ( Adiantum L.), with about 100 to about 200 species.
  • Aleuritopteris Fée, with at least 15 to 30 species.
  • Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon, with only one type of tropical America: Ananthacorus angustifolius ( Sw. ) Underw. Maxon &
  • Cheiloplecton rigidum ( Sw. ) Fée
  • Jamesonia cinnamomea Kunze, a fern, which rises in South America even up to 5000 m above sea level.
  • Llavea cordifolia Lag
  • Nephopteris maxonii Lellinger
  • Ochropteris pallens ( Sw. ) J. Sm

Within the family, there are five monophyletic groups. According to Smith et al could be broken down as follows as families or subfamilies:

  • Parkeriaceae or Parkerioideae with: Acrostichum and
  • Ceratopteris
  • Adiantum and the
  • Ananthacorus,
  • Anetium,
  • Antrophyum,
  • Haplopteris,
  • Hecistopteris,
  • Monogramma,
  • Polytaenium,
  • Radiovittaria,
  • Rheopteris,
  • Scoliosorus and
  • Vittaria:
  • Coniogramme,
  • Cryptogramma and
  • Llavea
  • Pteris and their next of kin and the
  • Taenitioideae to Taenitis.
Leptosporangiate fern
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