Pug

• Group 9: Companion and Toy Dogs
• Section 11: Small Molossian type Dogs

• Without working trial

China

Great Britain

Pug, Carlin, Carlino, Doguillo

Ideally 6.3 to 8.1 kg

• Fawn with black mask
• Black
• Silver
• Apricot with black mask

The Pug is a recognized by the FCI breed English (FCI Group 9, Section 11, Standard No. 253).

Origin and History

The pug is probably from the Empire of China, where he was bred from bulldogs like dogs more than 2,000 years ago. He was known as Emperor dog and it was a privilege of the Emperor to be allowed to possess and touch him. It is believed that dogs that were not suitable for further breeding, were sold by the breeders expensive to the people.

Despite its small size, it is counted among the molosses. In the 16th century, his ancestors came to the East India Company in the Netherlands. From there it spread out in the salons of the ladies, from where he came also as an adjunct in the painting, such as in the portrait of the Marquesa de Pontejos by Francisco de Goya, or as a historical companion learned some celebrity, such as fortuné, the pug of Joséphine de Beauharnais; in 1900 he became detached from the Pekinese. From 1918 there was a new upsurge of race as a fashion dog.

The pug in its historical form is passed down through paintings by William Hogarth. In Brehm's Animal Life from 1927, the original head shape is particularly clear.

Description

The Pug has straight, short and soft shiny coat in colors solid black, silver gray, various shades of beige ( from white to apricot yellow ) color in marked contrast to badge. The markings on the head, the mask, forehead spots and moles on cheeks are clearly demarcated and as black as possible. The small ears fall forward and form a so-called button ear, but also rose ears are allowed. In the FCI breed standard an ideal weight 6.3 to 8.1 kg, is defined. The FCI standard also invited to 2010 somewhat protruding eyes, the absence of a clearly discernible catch, so that the dog in the side profile is flat, and a thick nose fold that completely covers the nose. With the version of 13 October 2010, the FCI standard has been changed to these points.

Nature

This rugged, compact and small dog is a pleasant companion dog. The FCI describes the essence so: Lots of charm, dignity and intelligence. Balanced, happy and lively. Because he tends to be overweight, eating a balanced diet is very important. The pug is very brave and often underestimated risk situations, such as with other dogs, because he have placed aggression often can not correctly interpret it. Since he is very unaggressive, it can be kept well with other pets.

Health

The Pug is a brachycephalic breed, meaning that it has a rounded head and a short muzzle with slightly protruding eyes. Hence, in this race as part of brachycephalic syndrome often serious problems with breathing, injuries of the cornea by constant irritation with the nasal fold hair can also occur.

The " Pug Dog Encephalitis " is a race-specific inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which occurs at the Pug in about 1 % of cases. The disease is inherited and is similar to the acute clinical form of multiple sclerosis in humans.

Genetic exaggerations can lead to numerous other health problems to symptoms of distress especially when breeding pug. In these cases, often no longer true, the relation of the size of the dam to where the puppies. The puppies are then too large for the diminutive mother animals and there is Gebärschwierigkeiten. Due to the short to catch the females are sometimes not able to cut the cord her puppies. Malformations of the tail and the associated problems of the spine may also occur.

Due to the problems arising from old FCI breed standards possible health problems, especially related to eye injuries and breathing, 2001, the "Pug - and Pekinese Dog Breeding Association " was founded in Germany, which has the breeding of dogs with altered characteristics for target: To be explicitly well embedded and never protruding eyes, a clearly recognizable Fang, an exposed nose and a weight of 8.0 to 11.0 kg required. Thus, the appearance is more like that of the Pug of the 19th century, as there was him until the mid 20th century.

The pug in the culture

Emblem or symbol of

• In Bretten found in 1504 instead of a siege by Ulrich of Württemberg, which was according to legend, ended by a pug, the Brettener Hundle. Even today the successful withstanding the siege is still celebrated with the Peter- and -Paul- Fest. The historic " hundles Fountain " with the Brettener Hundle is a landmark of the city. Furthermore, a pug found on a fresco of the evangelical church.
• In Winnenden, a memorial commemorates the pug of Duke Karl Alexander of Württemberg. This is said to have lost contact with his master in the Battle of Belgrade in the thick of the fight against the Ottoman troops in 1717 and his run back to the castle alone Winnenthal in Winnenden.
• A pug porcelain was symbol of Mopsordens, a society of Masonic coinage from the 18th century.
• On a monument in Herrenberg a pug leads a procession ( Pendulum 2000 " Jerg Ratgeb, cooks and a pug ").
• The Prince William I the Silent of Orange, Stadtholder of the Netherlands, is a pug named " Pompey ", which never left him, saved in the army camp to Hermigny by loud barking life. This should be done at night in 1570, when he was sleeping in his tent, and was warned by the barking before the Spanish thugs who wanted to murder him.
• When William III. and Mary II came of Orange in 1688 to England, they brought with her ​​adored pugs, whereupon the entire English aristocracy fell into the pug.
• In the Italian popular theater, the commedia dell'arte of the Pug occurred, instead of a monkey that was harder to obtain. Its French name Carlin he owes the Italian actor Carlo Bertinazzi, called Carlin, who was famous in the 18th century as a harlequin of commedia dell'arte and this dog brought into fashion.