Pulsometer pump

A Heart-rate monitor is a derived from the vapor pump by Thomas Savery, piston-free, steam-powered pump that was used to lift liquids.

Origin

The American Charles Henry Hall developed the Pulsometerpumpe in the 60s of the 19th century. His findings resulted in 1872 in 29 patents ( US.Patente 131515 et seq.) Through its developments, the difficulties of the pump external control by a shift were dissolved into the pump interior: The control of the pump was dependent only on the inner pressure conditions.

Principle

The name of the pump is derived from the pulsating operation. It consists of two chambers in which the steam passes alternately to effect. The selection ( control ) of the chamber is achieved by a ball valve: The ball releases the steam for a chamber, while it closes the other vacuum-tight. In the original design, the suction valves ( inflow ) and the single pressure valve ( outflow ) as ball valves, were later being executed as circular rubber flaps: two intake valves and two pressure valves ( see illustration). The entire control system is therefore up to the ball valve in the steam inlet. The position of the steam valve ball depends only on the difference in pressure between the two chambers. To minimize turbulence in the flowing steam, the chambers are pulled out in a funnel shape to the ball valve. Each of the top of the funnel there is a valve which can be with appropriate negative pressure in the ambient air chamber. To reduce cavitation a vacuum cylinder provided in the inlet region, which is spatially positioned between the upper foot of the chamber.

Operation

Assume the fluid to be pumped is water and both chambers of the pump are filled by reflux through the valves at least partially. The steam flows through the ball valve in one of the chambers and forces the water which is located in the chamber through the outlet valve ( pressure relief valve). The inflow swirls the steam, it comes with the air in the chamber, the chamber inner surface and the water surface in contact, making it cools and condenses. By the condensation of the vapor creates a vacuum. The pressure drop is the steam on the one hand no longer possible to push water through the drain valve, on the other thereby closing the ball valve located on the supply of steam. In the chamber condenses more and more steam, the vacuum is so strong that water flows through the suction valve into the chamber. This water cools the steam from further fills the chamber further. The vacuum also the vacuum valve opens up at the inlet funnel. The small amount of air flowing ensures turbulence in the vapor, causing it to condense faster and more complete. In this way the temperature is lowered in the chamber. The supply of steam is released into the second chamber by the closure of the steam supply at the onset of condensation in the first chamber already. The sequences in the second chamber are similar to the first. At the moment in which the steam begins to condense in the second chamber, it is released again for the first chamber and the water squeezed out of the first chamber. The pumping cycle of the first chamber starts again.

Advantages and disadvantages in the use

Because of the direct contact of the pump housing with the pumped liquid and the driving steam it was made for bases made ​​of cast iron, for acids from hard lead. Another advantage is in addition to the simple construction of the relative insensitivity of the Pulsometers to contamination and high temperatures of the pumped liquid. Application areas were adjacent to the drainage of clay pits and the water supply of steam locomotives on the open road. The need to promote steam you took this from our own steam system of the locomotive. Disadvantage in comparison to other pumps, high steam consumption per extracted amount of liquid and thus their constructive affiliated warming. In the baths, where pulsometer were used as water pump, this warming in turn is considered an advantage. Because of their inefficiency in the implementation of thermal energy into potential energy pulsometer are nowadays rarely used.