Pupillidae
Moss dolls screw ( Pupilla muscorum )
The dolls snails ( Pupillidae ) are a family of snails from the subordination of terrestrial snails ( gastropod ). All species are relatively small. Five or six species occur in Europe.
Features
The dextral housing are relatively small, oval or cylindrical. They measure about 2.5 to 5 mm. The umbilicus is very narrow. The aperture rim is often thickened or bent. The mouth may have in some species to about seven teeth. In hermaphroditic genitalia penis and epiphallus are available. The penis is internally smooth or weakly developed longitudinal folds. Near the base of epiphallus sits a blind sac ( cecum ), a Penisappendix is also formed. The prostate gland has only a few acini and sits at the lower end of the albumin gland. Lolly's spermathecae is originally a diverticulum present, but this shows the tendency for reduction. Many species reproduce ovoviviparous.
Geographical distribution, occurrence and life
Most species live relatively hidden under straw, leaves or moss. The distribution of the family is in the world ( except Antarctica ). The distribution area covers the northern hemisphere to the polar regions.
System
The dolls snails ( Pupillidae ) by Bouchet & Rocroi family is (2005) one of 13 families of the superfamily Pupilloidea. Schileyko (1998 ) provide contrast in a monotypic superfamily Pupilloidea. Schileyko (1998) divided the family into two subfamilies: Pupillinae Turton, 1831, Pupoidinae Iredale, 1940, Bouchet & Rocroi treat (2005) as synonyms.
- Dolls snails ( Pupillidae Turton, 1831) Genus Gibbulinopsis Germain, 1919 ( with two subgenera Gibbulinopsis ( Gibbulinopsis ) Germain, 1919 and Gibbulinopsis ( Primipupilla ) Pilsbry, 1921)
- Genus Glyptopupoides Pilsbry, 1926
- Genus Isthmia Gray, 1821
- Genus Procerastus Wenz, 1924
- Genus Pupilla Leach in Fleming, 1828 ( with the subgenera Pupilla ( Pupilla ) Leach in Fleming, 1828 Pupilla ( Afripupilla ) Pilsbry, 1921 Pupilla ( Striopupilla ) Pilsbry, 1921 Pupilla ( Fragipupilla ) Schileyko, 1984 and Pupilla ( Omegapupilla ) Iredale, 1937) Moss dolls screw ( Pupilla muscorum ( Linnaeus, 1758) )
- Alps dolls screw ( Pupilla alpicola ( Charpentier, 1837) )
- Striped Dolls worm ( Pupilla sterrii (Voith, 1840) )
- Tridentate dolls screw ( Pupilla triplicata ( Studer, 1820) )
- Bidentate dolls screw ( Pupilla bigranata ( Rossmaessler, 1839) )
- Wet meadows dolls screw ( Pupilla pratensis ( Clessin, 1871) ) ( the taxonomy of this species is unclear; separate species or variety of Pupilla muscorum )