Pyrus pyrifolia
Nashi pear (fruit)
The nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia ) ( Japanese:ナシ, nashi, dt "pear" ) is a plant of the genus pears (Pyrus ). It is often referred to as Japanese pear, Korean pear, Asian pear, Chinese pear, Kumoi or - referred to as apple - pear - because of their shape and taste. The term Nashi Pear is a duplication, because nashi is the Japanese word for pear. The fruits of Pyrus pyrifolia are edible fruit.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Pyrus pyrifolia grows as a tree, reaching heights of growth 7-15 meters. The bark of the branches is purplish - brown and the bark is dark brown. The small egg-shaped buds have bud scales, which are hairy woolly at the edge and on the top.
The leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 4.5 cm long, hairy at first woolly. The lamina has a length of 7 to 12 cm and a width of 4 to 6.5 cm. The leaf surface is initially hairy brown woolly, later smooth. The leaf margin serrate pointed. The membranous stipules are 1 to 1.5 cm long.
Inflorescences and flowers
The umbel -like acting, racemose inflorescences contain six to nine flowers. The lineal bracts are membranous and 1 to 1.4 cm long. The initially sparse fluffy hairy flower stalk is 3.5 to 5 cm long. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry, five petals have a diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 cm. The flower cup ( hypanthium ) is cup-shaped. The five triangular- ovate sepals are about 5 mm long. The five white petals are ovate, 1.5 to 1.7 cm long and nailed short. The 20 stamens are about half as long as the petals. The five - or vierfächerige ovary contains two ovules per subject. The five, rarely four pens are smooth and almost the same length as the stamens.
The flowering period begins in early April and lasts until early May.
On chromosome numbers 2n = 34 were, 51 determined.
Fruits
The almost spherical fruits have a diameter of 2 to 2.5 cm (at natural forms, cultivars are larger ) and have a thin skin that is smooth or rough, depending on the variety. Your base color is continuous bronze brown, shortly before harvest to face a sun cheeks. The flesh is very juicy and has a sweet - sour flavor that is reminiscent of apple, pear and melon. The fruits are vitamin C, potassium, calcium and phosphorus.
Nashi fruits are from August or early September for about three weeks and picked. They can be stored for only three weeks from harvest.
Nashis can be eaten directly raw and pure, the shell is also edible, only the cores must be removed. In addition, the bulbs are also suitable for jams or desserts such as cakes and compote. They also fit - as native pears - with cheese and ham, venison and savory (winter ) salads.
Occurrence
Originally, the Nashi Pear from China. Today, however, it is widely used throughout East Asia and in Japan.
For several years, she is also grown in Chile, France, Germany, Italy and the USA. Also in Australia and New Zealand it is grown. In this country it has been available since the 1960s.
Crops and varieties
Due to the large-scale cultivation in Japan there are many different varieties. Over 1200 Nashi varieties are known in Japan alone.
The total cultivated area in 2005 was there 13752.9 ha, with the most commonly grown varieties are as follows: Kosui (幸 水) with 5383.5 ha ( 39.1 %), Hosui (豊 水) with 3663.2 ha (26.6% ), Nijisseiki (二十 世纪) with 1591.1 ha ( 11.6%) and Niitaka (新 高) with 1305.1 ha ( 9.5%).
The ending of the varieties designations indicate each point to a smooth ( - seiki, dt " Century" ) or a rough ( - sui, dt " water") rind of the fruit.
Intersections
- ' Benita ' is a hybrid of the Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia ) of the cultivar Hosui and culture and pear varieties (Pyrus communis) Général Leclerc ( a European pear variety), the Swiss Peter Hauenstein succeeded in 1985. This bulb combines the advantages of both parent varieties, so it is very juicy and yet crisp. They can be eaten straight from the tree, but still be stored after harvest up to three weeks.
Swell
- Gu Cuizhi & Stephen A. Spongberg: Pyrus in the Flora of China, Volume 9, page 177: Online. ( Description section )