Qawwali

Qawwali (pronounced Ka -u- ali ) is a devotional belonging to Sufism vocal style, whose home is located in the former province of Punjab in modern Pakistan and northern India. The style goes on Persian qaul - back songs (Arabic qaul, " expression ", in the strict sense, " saying of the Prophet " ), the Sufi preacher end 10 / brought to India early 11th century. Moinuddin Chishti (1141-1230) from Ajmer contributed significantly to the spread of Qawwali. Traditionally, the performances of Sufi shrines in honor of a saint instead. International Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was with his, influenced by Western popular music style to the famous qawwali singer ( qawwal ).

History

The qawwali is deeply rooted in Sufism, Islamic mysticism, whose center is the approach to God through various techniques, including that of ecstasy. The ecstatic quality of the medium music was linked in the 8th century in Iraq with the presentation of the Koran, in 1300 the qawwali at the court of the North Indian Delhi Sultanate of Amir Khusro is introduced, an event that to this day as the "birth" of Qawwali is true.

Qawwali is influenced by the North Indian classical music, from the 1960s, he adapted increasingly influences from popular music, beginning with the integration of elements of Indian folk music, but later, with the success of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, also from Western forms of music such as pop, rock and dub. In Sufikreisen these variants are very controversial; many Sufis fail these crossovers recognition as music of devotion. The Sabri Brothers, a representative of a traditional line, said to "That's good. People take different paths to Qawwali. But the real, orthodox Qawwali would not like what is happening. "Her spokeswoman said " This jazzy sounds simply mean that many Sufis that will not listen. ".

Performance practice

The instrumentation has remained largely the same since the 18th century: rhythmic clapping of hands, unanimous or homophonic vocals, drums ( tabla and dholak ) and introduced by the English missionaries harmonium as melodic complement in the 19th century. The Qawwali is practiced mostly on commemorative Sufi saint. The individual songs are not rigorously structured, but improvisations take approximately 30 minutes and use as a basis classical Sufi texts, mostly poems that they can be divided into three different forms:

Molding

Ghazal

Ghazal is a song form in verse whose content is always the love of God, even if they are based on a superficial level to a human counterpart.

Tarana

Tarana belong to the North Indian classical music. There are some fast, rhythmic chants whose text consists only of syllables, similar to the scat singing in jazz. Taranas usually serve as an intermezzo within a piece.

Hamd

A concert is usually opened with a Hamd, a praise to God.

Na'Att

Naat is a hymn to the prophet Muhammad, similar to the Hindu counterpart Bhajan.

• Abida Parveen
• Aziz Mian
• Bakhshi Javed Salamat Ali
• Jafar Husayn Khan
• Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
• Rizwan - Muazzam Qawwali Group
• Sabri Brothers
• Sindhi Music Ensemble