Quinolone
Quinolones are a chemically related substance group of antibiotics that inhibition of gyrase enzyme use as active principle (known gyrase inhibitors ). Structurally, the quinolones of quinoline derive carrying a carbonyl group and a carboxylic acid group on the nitrogen-containing ring system. A fluorine atom on the benzene ring leads to the fluoroquinolones. Very often contain quinolones also a piperazine substituent.
Quinolones bind in the bacterial cell to the complex of the enzyme and DNA gyrase. This will prevent the re - assembly of a cut the DNA strand by the enzyme which is responsible for the supercoiling ( twisting ) of the DNA responsible.
Changing the Verdrillungszustandes their DNA is essential for bacteria to copy the genetic material during cell division. The bacteria are therefore no longer able to reproduce itself, which caused DNA strand breaks have probably directly lethal effect.
Representative
The first-generation quinolones ( 60s/70s ) were poorly absorbed and had a narrow spectrum of activity. Today, they are hardly of importance, while the gyrase inhibitors of the second generation are especially important when resistance to other agents are observed. The Standardchinolone based on the main improvement that has been made to chemically the quinolones of the first generation: There was a fluorine atom incorporated. Later, then selectivity of action and spectrum of activity ( first against chlamydia, pneumococcal, mycoplasma, and later against anaerobic bacteria) improved.
- Cinoxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Clioquinol
- Danofloxacin
- Difloxacin
- Enrofloxacin
- Fleroxacin
- Flumequine
- Gatifloxacin
- Grepafloxacin
- Ibafloxacin
- Levofloxacin
- Marbofloxacin
- Moxifloxacin
- Nalidixic acid (first quinolone, which was used as an antibiotic, now meaningless )
- Norfloxacin
- Ofloxacin
- Orbifloxacin
- Oxolinic
- Pipemidinsäure
- Sarafloxacin
- Sparfloxacin
- Temafloxacin
- Nadifloxacin
- Antibiotic
- Substance Group
- Quinolone
- Carboxylic acid