R-1 (missile)

The R-1 ( NATO codename: SS -1A Scunner ) was manufactured in the Soviet Union copy of the German A4 rocket (V -2). As a replica of the R-1 was produced in Soviet industrial plants and with increasing Soviet expertise. Thus, the Soviet Union gained valuable experience in the rocket, they capable of this task later to construct larger rockets.

In 1945 Soviet soldiers several important German production sites for the A4 and the center in Kohnstein that were previously largely resolved by the Americans in relation to the essential technology. Various hiding places with detailed plans and precision engineering have been discovered by and by addition. Important German rocket engineers, such as Helmut and Werner Gröttrup Albring were deported in October 1946 in a research institute near Moscow, where they had to stay until the mid -fifties. Were in contrast to the Americans, in which many " captured " rocket scientist until her retirement in the national missile programs integrated, it was the Soviet Union's main concern is to siphon off the knowledge of German engineers to operate its own missile program. To this end, the missile design bureau OKB -1 was established under the leadership of Sergei Korolev. This office was charged with the development of Soviet missiles, starting with the R-1, whose construction was authorized in 1947 by Stalin and Beria supervised.

In September 1948, the first tests began. The first launch of an R- 1 was held at the test site Kapustin Yar on 17 October 1948. In November 1950, the missile of the Soviet Army was taken. The R-1 could carry a conventional warhead of 785 kg up to 270 km wide, with the hit accuracy was about 5 km.

Since 1949, modified R-1 were used as scientific sounding rockets. On August 15, 1951 two dogs ( Djesik and Zygan ) were brought on board in Kapustin Yar first time; they reached with the rocket a summit altitude of 101 km and landed safely back.

From the R-1 R - 2 was developed in a short time.

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