Rash

When efflorescence ( outdated skin flower) a basic element of pathological lesions is called in dermatology. The Effloreszenzenlehre originated in the 17th century. A distinction is made between primary and secondary efflorescences.

Predominant primary

Predominant primary directly arising from the pathological process in the skin changes. Since they are not " corrupted " by secondary changes, they have a higher diagnostic value than secondary changes. The predominant primary include:

  • Macula: a localized color change at skin level without change in consistency.
  • Plaque: Uniform grandeur of the skin with a sharp boundary and a smooth or rough surface
  • Papules ( papules, nodules ): small (< 0.5 cm), well-defined, palpable grandeur that extends beyond the skin level.
  • Nodule ( nodules ) as papule but larger ( 0.5-1.0 cm).
  • Nodus ( knot): as nodule, but larger (> 1 cm).
  • Vesicles ( blisters): bulging of the skin caused by accumulation of fluid (serum, blood ) in the different skin layers.
  • Bulla ( bubble): more than lentil large, often multi-chamber cavity. A distinction is made in subcorneal, intraepidermal and subepidermal blisters.
  • Pustule ( pimple, pustules ) filled with pus bubbles or bubble.
  • Urtica ( wheal ): caused by histamine release, sheet-like, soft, edematous grandeur of pale to bright red color, which usually goes hand in hand with an itch.
  • Comedo ( blackhead umgs. ): usually dark colored Hornpfropf which closes the output of the follicular
  • Cyst: abgekapselter by tissue cavity with liquid contents

Secondary efflorescences

Secondary efflorescences are changes that are characterized by adventitious pathological processes or by self- injury ( eg scratching) arising from predominant primary. Secondary efflorescences are less reliable for the doctor, since the actual pathological process may be superimposed and the same secondary efflorescence can occur for different predominant primary. Among the secondary efflorescences include:

  • Squama (skin dandruff ): visible with the naked eye aggregation of corneocytes.
  • Crusta ( crust, scab ): support of of dried secretions.
  • Cicatrix ( scar ), newly formed, fibrous connective tissue to replace a skin sample loss
  • Erosion ( abrasion ): up to reaching the dermis limit loss of upper Epidermiszelllagen that can heal without scarring.
  • Excoriation: erosion, which affects all layers of the epidermis. A scarless healing is also possible.
  • Rhagade ( fissures ): narrow, slit-like cut through all layers of the epidermis.
  • Ulcer ( ulcer): deep tissue damage with scarring healing.
  • Atrophy: atrophy of skin and skin appendages
  • Lichenification: thickening of the skin for chronic skin diseases
  • Tyloma ( Hornschwiele ): bounded thickening with increased keratinization and hair loss
  • Hyperpigmentation: increased incorporation of the skin pigment melanin
  • Hypopigmentation: decreased pigmentation, especially the hair of the affected skin area

Sources

  • Efflorescence
Medical diagnosis Cutaneous condition#Primary lesions Epidermis (skin)
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