Record collecting

A music library is a library with a collection focus recorded music and music publishing. Often music libraries are also the same facilities for specialized information. In addition to the entertainment and education they are used in musicology and music industry.

Music libraries can be divided according to type of library in Public, Scientific and Music Academic Libraries; added special libraries and the libraries of the radio broadcasters.

Generally

The music libraries are mainly founded in Paris in 1951, in three languages ​​led International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres ( IAML ) together. Your organization in four working groups ( Public music libraries, music departments in academic libraries, university libraries and music broadcasting) shows the range of different tasks. After the group of countries the USA AIBM Group Federal Republic of Germany stands with 213 members the second most predominantly consisting of institutional members association comprising about 2,000 members worldwide in over 50 countries. It held annually ever a national and an international IAML Conference held at different locations.

As a very important institution in the field of music information and music documentary that's opened in 1998 German Music Information Centre ( MIZ ) at the German Music Council in Bonn mentioned. In its technical library you can find information on all aspects of contemporary musical life in Germany; its databases contain extensive collections of information to the infrastructure of musical life, including the addresses of music libraries and archives, information on their stocks and references to printed and electronic catalogs of the libraries. The Music Information Centre of the GDR, which had seen similar tasks in part, was incorporated into the German music archives of the German National Library in 1991. The so-called " International Music Library" of the GDR is now managed by the European Centre for the Arts Hellerau in Dresden.

Public music libraries

Public music libraries have the task to cover the musical needs of the population in the first place; they offer a wide range of sheet music, music books and music magazines, sound recordings and music videos from all areas of music to borrow home. Large Public music libraries also have scientific editions and corresponding secondary literature as well as limited lendable Dictionary.

Stocks Public music libraries are installed in generally after a uniform system and freely accessible so that they can be quickly awarded outside the home. The lending statistics have for public music (and other public ) libraries still very much greater importance than others - they are personnel and budget used for the assessment. Public music libraries must therefore rather pay attention to the needs and wishes of the user.

Public relations plays in public libraries play an important role - in music libraries, depending on the even more than the other: they organize their own concerts, lectures and exhibitions and often enrich the cultural life of a city or a region. They also document their respective musical life, collect playbills from opera and concert, as well as newspaper clippings; sometimes they complement this stock through their own publications. In some cities the Public Music Library also handles tasks of a scientific music department true; they then also collects old prints, manuscripts and discounts (eg in Leipzig, Lübeck, Mannheim).

In 1904, opened in Frankfurt am Main, the first public music library in Germany. This was followed very rapidly start-ups in Munich, Hamburg, Dresden, Leipzig and Berlin, where today are the largest music libraries of this kind. The Munich City Library claims to be the first public music library in Germany, founded in 1905 with their music library. The public music libraries in Dusseldorf and Stuttgart are important. In Berlin, there are both public music libraries of individual municipalities, founded in 1954 in the western part of the city as a donation from the USA " America Memorial Library " with the collection focus on music and music of the United States in Berlin. In the former East Berlin, the Berlin City Library also had a great music department. Both libraries were attended by a key task for the public music libraries in the city true; they have now been brought together under the name " Central and Regional Library Berlin " and entrusted with the legal deposit collection for the State of Berlin. The music departments of both institutions are now united in the home of the America Memorial Library; so this is one of the music department of the largest in Germany.

In terms of population, there is too little public music libraries in comparison to other European countries and these are unevenly distributed in Germany. The best supplies are the city-states (Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen) and North Rhine -Westphalia, the worst, the states of Schleswig- Holstein, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg -Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Thuringia and Saxony- Anhalt. An unsatisfactory distribution is in Rhineland -Palatinate, Hesse and Bavaria. Especially in the new federal states, there are many public libraries with a larger stock of audiovisual media developed without music library. They do not count as full music libraries and are therefore not included in the relevant statistics of Music Libraries.

Scientific music libraries

Scientific music libraries are usually music departments at academic libraries ( national, provincial, university libraries ), in addition to music literature and music have also source materials and collect music manuscripts, old prints, discounts, letters. In addition, features a series Scientific music libraries via collections of audio-visual media, here mainly recordings. In contrast to the public music libraries can be found at the Scientific different music libraries restrictions in the Verleihbarkeit of stocks that are not freely accessible stuck mostly in magazines. However, some academic libraries without music department have music departments that ensure at least a basic foundation of musicology or music education literature and the corresponding editions and are often in close cooperation with libraries of musicology or music education institutes of the universities.

The Scientific music libraries include the different well-equipped libraries of the Musicological Institute of the universities and polytechnics, the only institute staff are usually available. The Libraries of the research institutes of the edition of the overall scientific issues, such as the Bach Archive in Leipzig and Göttingen are mentioned.

Among the most important scientific music libraries include:

• The Music Department of the Berlin State Library Prussian Cultural Heritage with rich holdings of manuscripts and early printed books, letters, estates and libretti. The library has the legal deposit of printed music stock for the period from 1906 to 1945 and on the published in the GDR between 1960 and 1990 music. Special emphasis of the collection is the " collection of German prints " for the published 1801-1945 printed music.

• The music of the Bavarian State Library in Munich with extensive collections of manuscripts and early printed books, letters and discounts. The library serves funded by the German Research Foundation Special Collections Musicology for the procurement of literature from abroad as well as the emphasis of the collection " Collection of German prints ' for up to 1800 published printed music.

• Proskesche the music department of the Episcopal National Library of Regensburg. With more than 20,000 manuscripts and prints and more than 10,500 musicians letters, she is the third largest music collection in the Federal Republic of Germany. The focus is on the music of the 16th to 19th centuries (especially church music).

• The music department of the Saxon Landesbibliothek/Staats- and University Library in Dresden with an important collection of manuscripts and early printed books, letters and discounts. From the time of the GDR National Library of Music comes an extensive collection of publications of the GDR to the Subject Music; the sound archives has a very extensive collection of recordings.

• The music and theater department of the University Library in Frankfurt am Main with important holdings of manuscripts and early printed books, letters and discounts. The library serves funded by the German Research Foundation Special Collections Theatre Studies and a collection of programs of major German opera houses.

More music departments of importance are located in the State and University Library Hamburg, the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart, the Baden State Library in Karlsruhe, the University and Regional Library Münster / Westphalia, the Hessian State and University Library Darmstadt, in the national libraries in Schwerin, Speyer, Coburg and Detmold ( with manuscripts and prints, particularly of the 19th century ) and in the Herzog August library in Wolfenbüttel ( with a very rich collection mainly of prints of the 16th and 17th century).

The mentioned libraries in Hamburg, Stuttgart and Darmstadt had to complain great war losses. Significant old stocks, inter alia, from Berlin and Dresden are still preserved today in Poland and Russia or suspected. In addition, there are larger music collection of different provenances in Bremen, Kassel and Regensburg.

Archives of 16 music publishers, including such important as Breitkopf & Härtel, CF Peters, CF Kahnt or the VEB German publishing house for music, is for a total amount of approx. 700 meters of the Saxon State Archives - State Archive in Leipzig. It includes music (manuscripts, engraving templates, prints) as well as correspondence with composers, music theaters and musicologists and music publishers of internal business documents, such as disk directories.

The German National Library, with its offices in Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig ( German Library ) and Berlin (German Music Archive (until 2010 in Berlin, then in Leipzig) ) accumulated as a depository library music literature of all kinds, printed music and sound recordings, and edited the German National Bibliography, Series M ( music) and series T ( soundtrack). While the compulsory pieces of printed music from 1906 to 1945 are in the Berlin State Library, the published in the GDR between 1945 and 1990 music books and printed music are in the German Library in Leipzig; it also has a lot of new releases from the earlier years of the Federal Republic of Germany, as the German Music Archive in 1973 with the collection of the compulsory pieces from the Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin ( West) began. The 1945-1972 published printed music captures the German Music Archive retrospective, including from the obtained by GEMA stock. In the sound recording collection especially the historical inventory of the period before 1945 is worth mentioning.

Since 1991, replaced by The German library of printed music and sound recordings ever two compulsory pieces, one for and one for Berlin Leipzig. Since the move of the German Music Archive publishers deliver each new release of both deposit copies in Leipzig from. A third duty each piece to get the regional depository libraries; these are state and regional libraries in general.

At the site also some special libraries are mentioned, which serve only a certain sector of the music:

• State Institute for Music Research Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin: Special library of musical instruments, musical acoustics and music theory.

• Ibero -American Institute of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin: special collection of music from Latin America, Spain and Portugal ( music, literature, audio-visual media ).

• International Music Institute Darmstadt: library specializing in contemporary music at home and abroad from 1946.

• German Music History Archive, Kassel: Microfilm collection of music manuscripts and printed music of the 15th to 18th century public and private from over 500 music libraries.

• International Working Group on Women and Music, Archives, Frankfurt am Main.

• International Women Composers Library, Unna / Westphalia.

• Klaus Kuhnke Archive for Popular Music, Bremen: founded in 1975 Archive of Popular Music.

• German composer Archives in the European Centre for the Arts Hellerau, Dresden.

• Lippmann Rau music archive, Eisenach: International Archives for Jazz and popular music.

Furthermore, have research institutes, Musical Instrument Museums and musicians memorials libraries and archives for special issues or for local music history may be important also, eg, Bach - Archiv Leipzig, Beethoven -Haus Bonn, Handel House in Halle / Saale, Richard -Wagner memorials Bayreuth.

Finally, at the international level, launched by the IAML and the International Musicological Society source known that undertaking are:

• RISM: Répertoire International des Sources Musicales with the seat of the central editorial office in Frankfurt am Main ( University Library ) and headquarters for Germany in Munich ( Bavarian State Library ) and Dresden ( Saxon Landesbibliothek/Staats- and University Library ) for printed music before 1800 and music manuscripts until around 1850,

• RILM: Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale with the seat of the German headquarters in Berlin ( State Institute for Music Research Prussian Cultural Heritage ) for all publications in the subject area of ​​music and musicology (monographs, dissertations and journal articles ), established the central editorial office in New York,

• RIdIM: Répertoire International d' Iconographie Musicale with seat of the German headquarters in Munich ( Bavarian State Library ) and the central editorial office in Paris,

• RIPM: the Répertoire International de la Presse Musicale has no German representation; Task of this company located in College Park / MD and Parma is the content analysis of major music magazines mainly of the 19th century by register.

Music university libraries

Music university libraries take a special position insofar as they work independently, in contrast to almost all other music libraries or music departments and have been for many years, more and more scientifically oriented of our portfolio; In addition, they serve largely performance materials. As with the libraries of the university departments and the use of the music university libraries only academics reserved. External interested parties but it is not denied in cases of reasonable concern to use stocks of a music university library in the reading room. Of the 24 music colleges have especially those with a musicological collection focus that have the right to award doctorates. Otherwise, the equipment of the music university libraries in relation to the acquisitions budget and staffing is quite different. If municipal conservatories and music schools have smaller libraries, but these play in music librarianship no greater role, and they are usually not integrated into the structures of the German library system.

Broadcasting libraries

Broadcasting libraries are usually available only to employees of radio stations available and are often divided into the areas of (music) library, music archive and Sound Archive. An important part of the journalistic research is a press clipping archive.

Only the German Broadcasting Archives (DRA ) in Frankfurt and Potsdam surcharge open to external users. It is central detection site for archived productions of the ARD and ZDF. The archives of the GDR radio located at the site of Potsdam. In contrast, the major music archives of the GDR radio was the Germany radio culture passed. The station RBB in Berlin / Potsdam manages, inter alia, and portfolios of the former Broadcasting Corporation.

More music libraries

More music libraries and music libraries, but also other devices with music-related stocks are, in "Handbook of Music Libraries in Germany " included, which has been issued in connection with the IAML Group Federal Republic of Germany from the German Library Institute (DBI ) in Berlin. Among others, was published by the DBI the German Library Statistics ( DBS ) and individual publications for music librarianship, including in connection with the IAML Group Federal Republic of Germany, the magazine " Forum Music Library". At the international level the AIBM informed the magazine " Fontes Artis Musicae ". Even before the closure of the former DBI appeared there in 2000 with the "Manual of musical estates in Germany " another important music reference librarians. Since then, the magazine is " forum Music Library" continued on its own from the IAML. In the context of an overview of the German music librarianship still be added to threads lending and training observations.

Interlibrary Loan

Music books are listed in the databases of the regional union catalogs. The jointly managed by the State Library of Berlin and the German library journal database has music magazines with locations nationwide after. Unfortunately, there are no union catalogs for printed music and sound recordings. However, printed music and sound recordings which have been published since around 1985, contained in the above-mentioned databases for books.

For the public music libraries of North Rhine -Westphalia there are the special collections music. Every major music library there has a specific gravity ( by genre, or composer output form ). These titles are included in the database of the university library Zentrum Nordrhein -Westfalen in Cologne and also available on the Internet. Since a very large part of this in ILL music prints but published before 1985 and a central catalog for the older stocks does not exist, the music departments of the state libraries in Berlin and Munich have to compensate for this lack of trying, especially in international ILL.

Training

Most libraries are funded by the public sector (federal, state and municipal) or foundations; according to the official structures are designed in a library service. For the higher service to scientific or public libraries musicology is also required at a university two years of library education in addition to the course of study. Graduates of the four -year training for so-called qualified librarian for upscale service to the Scientific or public libraries must have as a prerequisite for a high school. In addition to other training places the Stuttgart Media University offers an integrated course of study that considered music library issues; This replaces the former; once connected with an internship, one-semester graduate course for music librarian for the upscale library service. The requirement for a two-year training for the average library service is the conclusion of the average maturity.

Musical instrument collections and museums

Among the most significant collections of musical instruments in Germany include the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg, the musical instrument collection of the State Institute for Music Research Prussian Cultural Heritage Berlin, the Musical Instruments Museum in Munich City Museum, the musical instrument collection of the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the musical instrument collection of the University of Leipzig, Museum of Musical Instruments Mark Neukirchen, Museum of Musical Instruments of the State Museums in Berlin, Prussian Cultural Heritage, the Museum of Ethnology and the Department of ethnomusicology of the overseas museum in Bremen.

In contrast to the music libraries can be found at the musical instrument museums many privately run facilities. There are usually special collections to certain musical instruments, which may also have regional relevance. The approximately 90 museums and collections of musical instruments to preserve about 30,000 instruments. However, can be shown for reasons of space often only parts of the collection.

Many urban history museums and some provincial museums also have smaller collections of musical instruments, some of which also have a regional focus. Here also often materials for musical and theatrical history of a city are also to be found. We should also mention a number of musical heritage, which also musical instruments and sources to the music history of a city or region, show or gathering, such as in Arnstadt, Eisenach, Halle / Saale, Leipzig and Weissenfels. Only limited accessibility are the musical instrument collections of the Musicological Institute of the Universities of Erlangen, Göttingen and Cologne.

It remains the variety of museums that collect only certain groups of instruments, the bell and the Municipal Museum ( Apolda ), the Trumpet Museum in Bad Sackingen, the Geigenbaumuseum Bubenreuth, the Harmonica Museum Hamburg, the violin and Folk Museum Mittenwald, the Bell Museum Eiserfeld (Siegen ) and the German Harmonica Museum Trossingen. Museums of mechanical musical instruments ( barrel organs, music boxes, automatic pianos, fairground ), there are, among others in Ettlingen, Hannover, Linz / Rhein, Rudesheim / Rhine and in Wohlhausen / Vogtland.

In some collections of musical instruments also phonographic devices are included; but these are to be found also in music libraries with collections of historic recordings, even if not directly as exhibits. As an independent collection is so far only the phono Museum in St. Georgen / Schwarzwald known. To this end, nor the German Broadcasting Museum and the German Cinematheque Foundation in Berlin may be mentioned that hold or collect materials on film music such devices.

A special position among the museums take those which, inter alia, also have musical instruments, but whose collective focus is not. These include the Museum singers wet cheeks, the Beatles Museum Hattersheim / Main, the German shepherd Hersbruck, the Bavarian Army Museum Ingolstadt and the Beatles museum hall. Because of the variety of such and often only locally known means this can only be a selection.